الجرعة وطريقة الإعطاء
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION For the treatment of MRD-positive B-cell Precursor ALL - See Full Prescribing Information for recommended dose by patient weight and schedule. ( 2.1 ) - Hospitalization is recommended for the first 3 days of the first cycle and the first 2 days of the second cycle. ( 2.1 ) - Premedicate with prednisone or equivalent dexamethasone. ( 2.1 ) For the treatment of Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Precursor ALL - See Full Prescribing Information for recommended dose by patient weight and schedule. ( 2.2 ) - Hospitalization is recommended for the first 9 days of the first cycle and the first 2 days of the second cycle. ( 2.2 ) - Premedicate with dexamethasone. ( 2.2 ) For the treatment of B-cell Precursor ALL in the Consolidation Phase - See Full Prescribing Information for recommended dose by patient weight and schedule. ( 2.3 ) - Hospitalization is recommended for the first 3 days of the first cycle and the first 2 days of the second cycle. ( 2.3 ) - Premedicate with dexamethasone. ( 2.3 ) Refer to Full Prescribing Information for important preparation and administration information. ( 2.5 ) Administer as a continuous intravenous infusion at a constant flow rate using an infusion pump. - See Instructions for Use for infusion over 24 hours or 48 hours. - See Instructions for Use for infusion over 72 hours, 96 hours, or 7 days using Bacteriostatic 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol). This option is not recommended for patients weighing less than 5.4 kg. 2.1 Treatment of MRD-positive B-cell Precursor ALL A treatment course consists of 1 cycle of BLINCYTO for induction followed by up to 3 additional cycles for consolidation. A single cycle of treatment of BLINCYTO induction or consolidation consists of 28 days of continuous intravenous infusion followed by a 14-day treatment-free interval (total 42 days). See Table 1 for the recommended dose by patient weight and schedule. Patients weighing 45 kg or more receive a fixed-dose. For patients weighing less than 45 kg, the dose is calculated using the patient's body surface area (BSA). Table 1. Recommended BLINCYTO Dose and Schedule for the Treatment of MRD-positive B-cell Precursor ALL Cycle Patients Weighing 45 kg or More (Fixed-dose) Patients Weighing Less Than 45 kg (BSA-based dose) Induction Cycle 1 Days 1-28 28 mcg/day 15 mcg/m 2 /day (not to exceed 28 mcg/day) Days 29-42 14-day treatment-free interval 14-day treatment-free interval Consolidation Cycles 2-4 Days 1-28 28 mcg/day 15 mcg/m 2 /day (not to exceed 28 mcg/day) Days 29-42 14-day treatment-free interval 14-day treatment-free interval Hospitalization is recommended for the first 3 days of the first cycle and the first 2 days of the second cycle. For all subsequent cycle starts and re-initiations (e.g., if treatment is interrupted for 4 or more hours), supervision by a healthcare professional or hospitalization is recommended. Intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis is recommended before and during BLINCYTO therapy to prevent central nervous system ALL relapse. Premedicate with prednisone or equivalent for MRD-positive B-cell Precursor ALL: For adult patients, premedicate with prednisone 100 mg intravenously or equivalent (e.g., dexamethasone 16 mg) 1 hour prior to the first dose of BLINCYTO in each cycle. For pediatric patients, premedicate with 5 mg/m 2 of dexamethasone intravenously or orally, to a maximum dose of 20 mg, prior to the first dose of BLINCYTO in the first cycle and when restarting an infusion after an interruption of 4 or more hours in the first cycle. For administration of BLINCYTO: See Instructions for Use for infusion over 24 hours or 48 hours. See Instructions for Use for infusion over 72 hours, 96 hours, or 7 days using Bacteriostatic 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol). The administration of BLINCYTO as a 72-hour, 96-hour, and 7-day infusion is not recommended for patients weighing less than 5.4 kg. 2.2 Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Precursor ALL A treatment course consists of up to 2 cycles of BLINCYTO for induction followed by 3 additional cycles for consolidation and up to 4 additional cycles of continued therapy. A single cycle of treatment of BLINCYTO induction or consolidation consists of 28 days of continuous intravenous infusion followed by a 14-day treatment-free interval (total 42 days). A single cycle of treatment of BLINCYTO continued therapy consists of 28 days of continuous intravenous infusion followed by a 56-day treatment-free interval (total 84 days). See Table 2 for the recommended dose by patient weight and schedule. Patients weighing 45 kg or more receive a fixed-dose and for patients weighing less than 45 kg, the dose is calculated using the patient's BSA. Table 2. Recommended BLINCYTO Dose and Schedule for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Precursor ALL Cycle Patients Weighing 45 kg or More (Fixed-dose) Patients Weighing Less Than 45 kg (BSA-based dose) Induction Cycle 1 Days 1-7 9 mcg/day 5 mcg/m 2 /day (not to exceed 9 mcg/day) Days 8-28 28 mcg/day 15 mcg/m 2 /day (not to exceed 28 mcg/day) Days 29-42 14-day treatment-free interval 14-day treatment-free interval Induction Cycle 2 Days 1-28 28 mcg/day 15 mcg/m 2 /day (not to exceed 28 mcg/day) Days 29-42 14-day treatment-free interval 14-day treatment-free interval Consolidation Cycles 3-5 Days 1-28 28 mcg/day 15 mcg/m 2 /day (not to exceed 28 mcg/day) Days 29-42 14-day treatment-free interval 14-day treatment-free interval Continued Therapy Cycles 6-9 Days 1-28 28 mcg/day 15 mcg/m 2 /day (not to exceed 28 mcg/day) Days 29-84 56-day treatment-free interval 56-day treatment-free interval Hospitalization is recommended for the first 9 days of the first cycle and the first 2 days of the second cycle. For all subsequent cycle starts and re-initiations (e.g., if treatment is interrupted for 4 or more hours), supervision by a healthcare professional or hospitalization is recommended. Intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis is recommended before and during BLINCYTO therapy to prevent central nervous system ALL relapse. Premedicate with dexamethasone: For adult patients, premedicate with 20 mg of dexamethasone intravenously or orally 1 hour prior to the first dose of BLINCYTO of each cycle, prior to a step dose (such as Cycle 1 Day 8), and when restarting an infusion after an interruption of 4 or more hours. For pediatric patients, premedicate with 5 mg/m 2 of dexamethasone intravenously or orally, to a maximum dose of 20 mg, prior to the first dose of BLINCYTO in the first cycle, prior to a step dose (such as Cycle 1 Day 8), and when restarting an infusion after an interruption of 4 or more hours in the first cycle. For administration of BLINCYTO: See Instructions for Use for infusion over 24 hours or 48 hours. See Instructions for Use for infusion over 72 hours, 96 hours, or 7 days using Bacteriostatic 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol). The administration of BLINCYTO as a 72-hour, 96-hour, and 7-day infusion is not recommended for patients weighing less than 5.4 kg. 2.3 Treatment of B-cell Precursor ALL in the Consolidation Phase A single cycle of BLINCYTO monotherapy in consolidation is 28 days of continuous infusion followed by a 14-day treatment-free interval (total 42 days) [see Table 3 and Clinical Studies (14.3) ] . Patients weighing 45 kg or more receive a fixed-dose, and for patients weighing less than 45 kg, the dose is calculated using the patient's BSA (see Table 3 ). Table 3. Recommended BLINCYTO Dose and Schedule in the Consolidation Phase of Treatment of B-cell Precursor ALL BLINCYTO Consolidation Cycle Patients Weighing 45 kg or More (Fixed-dose) Patients Weighing Less Than 45 kg (BSA-based dose) Days 1-28 28 mcg/day 15 mcg/m 2 /day (not to exceed 28 mcg/day) Days 29-42 14-day treatment-free interval 14-day treatment-free interval Hospitalization is recommended for the first 3 days of the first cycle and the first 2 days of the second cycle. For all subsequent cycle starts and re-initiations (e.g., if treatment is interrupted for 4 or more hours), supervision by a healthcare professional or hospitalization is recommended. Intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis is recommended before and during BLINCYTO therapy to prevent central nervous system ALL relapse. Premedicate with dexamethasone: For adult patients, premedicate with dexamethasone 20 mg intravenously within 1 hour prior to the first dose of BLINCYTO of each cycle. For pediatric patients, premedicate with 5 mg/m 2 of dexamethasone intravenously or orally, to a maximum dose of 20 mg prior to the first dose of BLINCYTO in the first cycle and when restarting an infusion after an interruption of 4 or more hours in the first cycle. For administration of BLINCYTO: See Instructions for Use for infusion over 24 hours or 48 hours. See Instructions for Use for infusion over 72 hours, 96 hours, or 7 days using Bacteriostatic 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol). The administration of BLINCYTO as a 72-hour, 96-hour, and 7-day infusion is not recommended for patients weighing less than 5.4 kg. 2.4 Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions If the interruption after an adverse reaction is no longer than 7 days, continue the same cycle to a total of 28 days of infusion inclusive of days before and after the interruption in that cycle. If an interruption due to an adverse reaction is longer than 7 days, start a new cycle. Table 4. Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions Adverse Reaction Grade Based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Grade 3 is severe, and Grade 4 is life-threatening. Patients Weighing 45 kg or More Patients Weighing Less Than 45 kg Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) Grade 3 Interrupt BLINCYTO. Administer dexamethasone 8 mg every 8 hours intravenously or orally for up to 3 days and taper thereafter over 4 days. When CRS is resolved, restart BLINCYTO at 9 mcg/day, and escalate to 28 mcg/day after 7 days if the adverse reaction does not recur. Interrupt BLINCYTO. Administer dexamethasone 5 mg/m 2 (maximum 8 mg) every 8 hours intravenously or orally for up to 3 days and taper thereafter over 4 days. When CRS is resolved, restart BLINCYTO at 5 mcg/m 2 /day, and escalate to 15 mcg/m 2 /day after 7 days if the adverse reaction does not recur. Grade 4 Discontinue BLINCYTO permanently. Administer dexamethasone as instructed for Grade 3 CRS. Neurological Toxicity Seizure Discontinue BLINCYTO permanently if more than one seizure occurs. Grade 2 ICANS Interrupt BLINCYTO until ICANS resolves. Administer corticosteroids and manage according to current practice guidelines. When ICANS is resolved, restart BLINCYTO at 9 mcg/day. Escalate to 28 mcg/day after 7 days if the adverse reaction does not recur. Interrupt BLINCYTO until ICANS resolves. Administer corticosteroids and manage according to current practice guidelines. When ICANS is resolved, restart BLINCYTO at 5 mcg/m 2 /day. Escalate to 15 mcg/m 2 /day after 7 days if the adverse reaction does not recur. Grade 3 Neurologic Events including ICANS Withhold BLINCYTO until no more than Grade 1 (mild) and for at least 3 days, then restart BLINCYTO at 9 mcg/day. Escalate to 28 mcg/day after 7 days if the adverse reaction does not recur. If the adverse reaction occurred at 9 mcg/day, or if the adverse reaction takes more than 7 days to resolve, discontinue BLINCYTO permanently. Withhold BLINCYTO until no more than Grade 1 (mild) and for at least 3 days, then restart BLINCYTO at 5 mcg/m 2 /day. Escalate to 15 mcg/m 2 /day after 7 days if the adverse reaction does not recur. If the adverse reaction occurred at 5 mcg/m 2 /day, or if the adverse reaction takes more than 7 days to resolve, discontinue BLINCYTO permanently. If ICANS, administer corticosteroids and manage according to current practice guidelines. Grade 4 Discontinue BLINCYTO permanently. Neurologic Events including ICANS If ICANS, administer corticosteroids and manage according to current practice guidelines. Other Clinically Relevant Adverse Reactions Grade 3 Withhold BLINCYTO until no more than Grade 1 (mild), then restart BLINCYTO at 9 mcg/day. Escalate to 28 mcg/day after 7 days if the adverse reaction does not recur. If the adverse reaction takes more than 14 days to resolve, discontinue BLINCYTO permanently. Withhold BLINCYTO until no more than Grade 1 (mild), then restart BLINCYTO at 5 mcg/m 2 /day. Escalate to 15 mcg/m 2 /day after 7 days if the adverse reaction does not recur. If the adverse reaction takes more than 14 days to resolve, discontinue BLINCYTO permanently. Grade 4 Consider discontinuing BLINCYTO permanently. 2.5 Preparation and Administration of BLINCYTO It is very important that the instructions for preparation (including admixing) and administration provided in this section are strictly followed to minimize medication errors (including underdose and overdose) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] . BLINCYTO can be infused over 24 hours (preservative-free), 48 hours (preservative-free), 72 hours (with preservative), 96 hours (with preservative), or 7 days (with preservative). The choice between these options for the infusion duration should be made by the treating healthcare provider considering the frequency of the infusion bag changes and the weight of the patient. The administration of BLINCYTO as a 72-hour, 96-hour, and 7-day infusion is not recommended for patients weighing less than 5.4 kg. For preparation, reconstitution, and administration of BLINCYTO: The BLINCYTO Instructions for Use contains more detailed instructions on the preparation of infusion [see Instructions for Use ] . The preparation steps differ based on the infusion duration. Follow the steps specific to the infusion duration you are preparing. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Call 1-800-77-AMGEN (1-800-772-6436) if you have questions about the reconstitution and preparation of BLINCYTO. 2.6 Storage of Reconstituted BLINCYTO The information in Table 5 indicates the storage time for the reconstituted BLINCYTO vial and prepared infusion bag. Table 5. Storage Time for Reconstituted BLINCYTO Vial and Prepared BLINCYTO Infusion Bag Maximum Storage Time Room Temperature 23°C to 27°C (73°F to 81°F) Refrigerated 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) Reconstituted BLINCYTO Vial 4 hours 24 hours Prepared BLINCYTO 24-Hour and 48-Hour Infusion Bag (Preservative-free) 48 hours Storage time includes infusion time. If the prepared BLINCYTO infusion bag is not administered within the time frames and temperatures indicated, it must be discarded; it should not be refrigerated again. 8 days Prepared BLINCYTO 72-Hour and 96-Hour Infusion Bag (with Preservative) 4 days 14 days Prepared BLINCYTO 7-Day Infusion Bag (with Preservative) 7 days 14 days
Side Effects Overview
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Cytokine Release Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Neurological Toxicities, including Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Tumor Lysis Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Neutropenia and Febrile Neutropenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machines [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Elevated Liver Enzymes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Pancreatitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Leukoencephalopathy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] The most common adverse reactions (≥ 20%) are pyrexia, infusion-related reactions, headache, infection, musculoskeletal pain, neutropenia, nausea, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amgen Inc. at 1-800-77-AMGEN (1-800-772-6436) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of BLINCYTO in adult and pediatric patients one month and older with MRD-positive B-cell precursor ALL (n = 137), relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL (n = 267), and Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell precursor ALL in consolidation (n = 165) was evaluated in clinical studies. The most common adverse reactions (≥ 20%) to BLINCYTO in this pooled population were pyrexia, infusion-related reactions, headache, infection, musculoskeletal pain, neutropenia, nausea, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea. MRD-positive B-cell Precursor ALL The safety of BLINCYTO in patients with MRD-positive B-cell precursor ALL was evaluated in two single-arm clinical studies in which 137 adult patients were treated with BLINCYTO. The median age of the study population was 45 years (range: 18 to 77 years). The most common adverse reactions (≥ 20%) were pyrexia, infusion-related reactions, headache, infections (pathogen unspecified), tremor, and chills. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 61% of patients. The most common serious adverse reactions (≥ 2%) included pyrexia, tremor, encephalopathy, aphasia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, overdose, device related infection, seizure, and staphylococcal infection. Adverse reactions of Grade 3 or higher were reported in 64% of patients. Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse reactions occurred in 17% of patients; neurologic events were the most frequently reported reasons for discontinuation. There were 2 fatal adverse reactions that occurred within 30 days of the end of BLINCYTO treatment (atypical pneumonia and subdural hemorrhage). Table 6 summarizes the adverse reactions occurring at a ≥ 10% incidence for any grade or ≥ 5% incidence for Grade 3 or higher. Table 6. Adverse Reactions Occurring at ≥ 10% Incidence for Any Grade or ≥ 5% Incidence for Grade 3 or Higher in BLINCYTO-treated Adult Patients with MRD-Positive B-cell Precursor ALL Adverse Reaction BLINCYTO (N = 137) Any Grade Grading based on NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. n (%) Grade ≥ 3 n (%) Blood and lymphatic system disorders Neutropenia Neutropenia includes febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, and neutrophil count decreased. 21 (15) 21 (15) Leukopenia Leukopenia includes leukopenia and white blood cell count decreased. 19 (14) 13 (9) Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia includes platelet count decreased and thrombocytopenia. 14 (10) 8 (6) Cardiac disorders Arrhythmia Arrhythmia includes bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, tachycardia and ventricular extrasystoles. 17 (12) 3 (2) General disorders and administration site conditions Pyrexia Pyrexia includes body temperature increased and pyrexia. 125 (91) 9 (7) Chills 39 (28) 0 (0) Infections and infestations Infections - pathogen unspecified 53 (39) 11 (8) Injury, poisoning and procedural complications Infusion-related reaction Infusion-related reaction is a composite term that includes the term infusion-related reaction and the following events occurring with the first 48 hours of infusion and the event lasted ≤ 2 days: cytokine release syndrome, eye swelling, hypertension, hypotension, myalgia, periorbital edema, pruritus generalized, pyrexia, and rash. 105 (77) 7 (5) Investigations Decreased immunoglobulins Decreased immunoglobulins includes blood immunoglobulin A decreased, blood immunoglobulin G decreased, blood immunoglobulin M decreased, hypogammaglobulinemia, hypoglobulinemia, and immunoglobulins decreased. 25 (18) 7 (5) Weight increased 14 (10) 1 (< 1) Hypertransaminasemia Hypertransaminasemia includes alanine aminotransferase increased, aspartate aminotransferase increased, and hepatic enzyme increased. 13 (9) 9 (7) Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Back pain 16 (12) 1 (< 1) Nervous system disorders Headache May represent ICANS. 54 (39) 5 (4) Tremor , Tremor includes essential tremor, intention tremor, and tremor. 43 (31) 6 (4) Aphasia 16 (12) 1 (< 1) Dizziness 14 (10) 1 (< 1) Encephalopathy , Encephalopathy includes cognitive disorder, depressed level of consciousness, disturbance in attention, encephalopathy, lethargy, leukoencephalopathy, memory impairment, somnolence, and toxic encephalopathy. 14 (10) 6 (4) Psychiatric disorders Insomnia , Insomnia includes initial insomnia, insomnia, and terminal insomnia. 24 (18) 1 (< 1) Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Cough 18 (13) 0 (0) Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Rash Rash includes dermatitis contact, eczema, erythema, rash, and rash maculopapular. 22 (16) 1 (< 1) Vascular disorders Hypotension 19 (14) 1 (< 1) Additional adverse reactions in adult patients with MRD-positive ALL that did not meet the threshold criteria for inclusion in Table 6 were: Blood and lymphatic system disorders: anemia General disorders and administration site conditions: edema peripheral, pain, and chest pain (includes chest pain and musculoskeletal chest pain) Hepatobiliary disorders: blood bilirubin increased Immune system disorders: hypersensitivity and cytokine release syndrome Infections and infestations: viral infectious disorders, bacterial infectious disorders, and fungal infectious disorders Injury, poisoning and procedural complications: medication error and overdose (includes overdose and accidental overdose) Investigations: blood alkaline phosphatase increased Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: pain in extremity and bone pain Nervous system disorders: seizure (includes seizure and generalized tonic-clonic seizure), speech disorder, and hypoesthesia Psychiatric disorders: confusional state, disorientation, and depression Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: dyspnea and productive cough Vascular disorders: hypertension (includes blood pressure increased and hypertension) flushing (includes flushing and hot flush), and capillary leak syndrome Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Precursor ALL The safety of BLINCYTO was evaluated in a randomized, open-label, active-controlled clinical study (TOWER Study) in which 376 adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL were treated with BLINCYTO (n = 267) or standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy (n = 109). The median age of BLINCYTO-treated patients was 37 years (range: 18 to 80 years), 60% were male, 84% were White, 7% Asian, 2% were Black or African American, 2% were American Indian or Alaska Native, and 5% were Multiple/Other. The most common adverse reactions (≥ 20%) in the BLINCYTO arm were infections (bacterial and pathogen unspecified), pyrexia, headache, infusion-related reactions, anemia, febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 62% of patients. The most common serious adverse reactions (≥ 2%) included febrile neutropenia, pyrexia, sepsis, pneumonia, overdose, septic shock, CRS, bacterial sepsis, device related infection, and bacteremia. Adverse reactions of Grade 3 or higher were reported in 87% of patients. Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse reactions occurred in 12% of patients treated with BLINCYTO; neurologic events and infections were the most frequently reported reasons for discontinuation of treatment due to an adverse reaction. Fatal adverse events occurred in 16% of patients. The majority of the fatal events were infections. The adverse reactions occurring at a ≥ 10% incidence for any grade or ≥ 5% incidence for Grade 3 or higher in the BLINCYTO-treated patients in first cycle of therapy are summarized in Table 7. Table 7. Adverse Reactions Occurring at ≥ 10% Incidence for Any Grade or ≥ 5% Incidence for Grade 3 or Higher in BLINCYTO-Treated Patients in First Cycle of Therapy for Adult Patients with Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Precursor ALL (TOWER Study) Adverse Reaction BLINCYTO (N = 267) Standard of Care (SOC) Chemotherapy (N = 109) Any Grade Grading based on NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. n (%) Grade ≥ 3 n (%) Any Grade n (%) Grade ≥ 3 n (%) Blood and lymphatic system disorders Neutropenia Neutropenia includes agranulocytosis, febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, and neutrophil count decreased. 84 (31) 76 (28) 67 (61) 61 (56) Anemia Anemia includes anemia and hemoglobin decreased. 68 (25) 52 (19) 45 (41) 37 (34) Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia includes platelet count decreased and thrombocytopenia. 57 (21) 47 (18) 42 (39) 40 (37) Leukopenia Leukopenia includes leukopenia and white blood cell count decreased. 21 (8) 18 (7) 9 (8) 9 (8) Cardiac disorders Arrhythmia Arrhythmia includes arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, bradycardia, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, and tachycardia. 37 (14) 5 (2) 18 (17) 0 (0) General disorders and administration site conditions Pyrexia 147 (55) 15 (6) 43 (39) 4 (4) Edema Edema includes face edema, fluid retention, edema, edema peripheral, peripheral swelling, and swelling face. 48 (18) 3 (1) 20 (18) 1 (1) Immune system disorders Cytokine release syndrome Cytokine release syndrome includes cytokine release syndrome and cytokine storm. 37 (14) 8 (3) 0 (0) 0 (0) Infections and infestations Infections - pathogen unspecified 74 (28) 40 (15) 50 (46) 35 (32) Bacterial infectious disorders 38 (14) 19 (7) 35 (32) 21 (19) Viral infectious disorders 30 (11) 4 (1) 14 (13) 0 (0) Fungal infectious disorders 27 (10) 13 (5) 15 (14) 9 (8) Injury, poisoning and procedural complications Infusion-related reaction Infusion-related reaction is a composite term that includes the term infusion-related reaction and the following events occurring with the first 48 hours of infusion and the event lasted ≤ 2 days: pyrexia, cytokine release syndrome, hypotension, myalgia, acute kidney injury, hypertension, and rash erythematous. 79 (30) 9 (3) 9 (8) 1 (1) Investigations Hypertransaminasemia Hypertransaminasemia includes alanine aminotransferase increased, aspartate aminotransferase increased, hepatic enzyme increased, and transaminases increased. 40 (15) 22 (8) 13 (12) 7 (6) Nervous system disorders Headache May represent ICANS. 61 (23) 1 (< 1) 30 (28) 3 (3) Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Rash Rash includes erythema, rash, rash erythematous, rash generalized, rash macular, rash maculo-papular, rash pruritic, skin exfoliation, and toxic skin eruption. 31 (12) 2 (1) 21 (19) 0 (0) Selected laboratory abnormalities worsening from baseline Grade 0-2 to treatment-related maximal Grade 3-4 in first cycle of therapy are shown in Table 8. Table 8. Selected Laboratory Abnormalities Worsening from Baseline Grade 0-2 to Treatment-related Maximal Grade 3-4 Includes only patients who had both baseline and at least one laboratory measurement during first cycle of therapy available. in First Cycle of Therapy for Adult Patients with Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Precursor ALL (TOWER Study) BLINCYTO Grade 3 or 4 (%) SOC Chemotherapy Grade 3 or 4 (%) Hematology Decreased lymphocyte count 80 83 Decreased white blood cell count 53 97 Decreased hemoglobin 29 43 Decreased neutrophil count 57 68 Decreased platelet count 47 85 Chemistry Increased ALT 11 11 Increased bilirubin 5 4 Increased AST 8 4 Other important adverse reactions from pooled relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL studies were: Blood and lymphatic system disorders: lymphadenopathy, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and leukocytosis (includes leukocytosis and white blood cell count increased) General disorders and administration site conditions: chills, chest pain (includes chest discomfort, chest pain, musculoskeletal chest pain, and non-cardiac chest pain), pain, body temperature increased, hyperthermia, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome Hepatobiliary disorders: hyperbilirubinemia (includes blood bilirubin increased and hyperbilirubinemia) Immune system disorders: hypersensitivity (includes hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reaction, angioedema, dermatitis allergic, drug eruption, drug hypersensitivity, erythema multiforme, and urticaria) Injury, poisoning and procedural complications: medication error and overdose (includes overdose, medication error, and accidental overdose) Investigations: weight increased, decreased immunoglobulins (includes immunoglobulins decreased, blood immunoglobulin A decreased, blood immunoglobulin G decreased, blood immunoglobulin M decreased, and hypogammaglobulinemia), blood alkaline phosphatase increased, and hypertransaminasemia Metabolism and nutrition disorders: tumor lysis syndrome Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: back pain, bone pain, and pain in extremity Nervous system disorders: tremor (resting tremor, intention tremor, essential tremor, and tremor), altered state of consciousness (includes altered state of consciousness, depressed level of consciousness, disturbance in attention, lethargy, mental status changes, stupor, and somnolence), dizziness, memory impairment, seizure (includes seizure, and atonic seizure), aphasia, cognitive disorder, speech disorder, hypoesthesia, encephalopathy, paresthesia, and cranial nerve disorders (trigeminal neuralgia, trigeminal nerve disorder, sixth nerve paralysis, cranial nerve disorder, facial nerve disorder, and facial paresis) Psychiatric disorders: insomnia, disorientation, confusional state, and depression (includes depressed mood, depression, suicidal ideation, and completed suicide) Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: dyspnea (includes acute respiratory failure, dyspnea, dyspnea exertional, respiratory failure, respiratory distress, bronchospasm, bronchial hyperreactivity, tachypnea, and wheezing), cough, and productive cough Vascular disorders: hypotension (includes blood pressure decreased, hypotension, hypovolemic shock, and circulatory collapse), hypertension (includes blood pressure increased, hypertension, and hypertensive crisis), flushing (includes flushing and hot flush), and capillary leak syndrome B-cell Precursor ALL in the Consolidation Phase Study E1910 The safety of a consolidation regimen comprised of multiple cycles of BLINCYTO monotherapy in addition to multiple cycles of chemotherapy (BLINCYTO arm) was evaluated in a randomized trial in adult patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell precursor ALL (Study E1910) [NCT02003222] [see Clinical Studies (14.3) ] which included 111 patients treated in the BLINCYTO arm and 112 patients treated in the chemotherapy alone arm. In the BLINCYTO arm, the median (range) of cycles was 8 (1-8) (4 cycles of BLINCYTO and 4 cycles of chemotherapy). In the chemotherapy alone arm, the median (range) of cycles was 4 (1-4). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 2 patients (2%) during BLINCYTO cycles and were due to infection (n = 1) and coagulopathy (n = 1). Permanent discontinuation of BLINCYTO due to an adverse reaction occurred in 2% of patients. Dosage interruptions of BLINCYTO due to an adverse reaction occurred in 5% of patients. Dose reductions of BLINCYTO due to an adverse reaction occurred in 28% of patients. The most common (≥ 20%) adverse reactions during consolidation cycles in the BLINCYTO arm were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia, headache, infection, nausea, lymphopenia, diarrhea, musculoskeletal pain, and tremor. The adverse reactions occurring at a difference between arms in incidence of ≥ 10% for All Grades or ≥ 5% for Grade 3 or higher are summarized in Table 9. Table 9. Adverse Reactions with a Difference Between Arms of ≥ 10% for Any Grade or ≥ 5% for Grade 3 or 4 during Consolidation (Study E1910) Consolidation Consisting of Adverse Reaction BLINCYTO Cycles + Chemotherapy Cycles (n = 111) Chemotherapy Cycles Alone (n = 112) All Grades (%) Includes the following fatal adverse reaction: infection (n = 1). Grade 3 or 4 (%) All Grades (%) Grade 3 or 4 (%) Blood and lymphatic system disorders Neutropenia Other related adverse reactions included: 82 77 89 89 Thrombocytopenia 75 57 75 71 Anemia 59 29 50 38 Leukopenia 43 41 57 56 Lymphopenia 32 30 25 23 Febrile neutropenia 19 19 25 25 Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea Nausea: vomiting; 32 5 22 4 Diarrhea 29 3 15 3 Immune system disorders Cytokine release syndrome Cytokine release syndrome: capillary leak syndrome; 16 4 0 0 Infections and infestations Infection – pathogen unspecified 35 31 22 21 Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Musculoskeletal pain Musculoskeletal pain: pain in extremity, back pain, arthralgia, myalgia, neck pain, flank pain, bone pain, non-cardiac chest pain; 23 5 5 4 Nervous system disorders Headache May represent ICANS. 41 5 30 5 Tremor 23 3 3 0 Aphasia Aphasia: dysarthria. , 10 8 0 0 Vascular disorders Hypertension 12 10 5 3 Study 20120215 The safety of BLINCYTO as the 3rd cycle of the consolidation phase was evaluated in a randomized, open-label study (Study 20120215) following induction and two cycles of consolidation chemotherapy in pediatric and young adult patients with high-risk first-relapsed B-cell precursor ALL [see Clinical Studies (14.3) ] . The study included 54 patients treated with one cycle of BLINCYTO and 52 patients treated with one cycle of chemotherapy. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 28% of patients who received BLINCYTO. Permanent discontinuation of BLINCYTO due to an adverse reaction occurred in 4% of patients. Adverse reactions that led to discontinuation included nervous system disorder and seizure. Dosage interruptions of BLINCYTO due to an adverse reaction occurred in 11% of patients. Adverse reactions which required dosage interruption in > 2% of patients included nervous system disorder. The most common (≥ 20%) adverse reactions in the BLINCYTO arm were pyrexia, nausea, headache, rash, hypogammaglobulinemia, and anemia. The adverse reactions occurring at a difference of ≥ 10% incidence for any grade or at a difference of ≥ 5% incidence for Grade 3 or 4 between the BLINCYTO arm and chemotherapy arm are summarized in Table 10. Table 10. Adverse Reactions with a Difference Between Arms of ≥ 10% for Any Grade or ≥ 5% for Grade 3 or 4 during Consolidation Cycle 3 (Study 20120215) Adverse Reaction BLINCYTO (n = 54) Chemotherapy (n = 52) All Grades (%) Grade 3 or 4 (%) All Grades (%) Grade 3 or 4 (%) Blood and lymphatic system disorders Anemia Other related adverse reactions included: 24 15 46 42 Neutropenia 19 17 35 31 Thrombocytopenia 15 15 39 35 Febrile neutropenia 2 2 25 25 Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea Nausea: vomiting; 43 2 31 2 Abdominal pain 13 0 23 2 Stomatitis Stomatitis: mouth ulceration, mucosal inflammation; 11 4 60 29 General disorders and administration site conditions Pyrexia 76 6 19 0 Hepatobiliary disorders Liver function test abnormal Liver function test abnormal: alanine aminotransferase increased, aspartate aminotransferase increased, gamma-glutamyltransferase increased, hypertransaminasemia; 9 6 27 17 Immune system disorders Hypogammaglobulinemia 24 2 12 2 Infections and infestations Infection – pathogen unspecified 13 6 29 10 Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Musculoskeletal pain Musculoskeletal pain: back pain, pain in extremity, bone pain; 9 0 29 2 Nervous system disorders Headache May represent ICANS. 37 0 15 0 Skin and subcutaneous disorders Rash 22 2 12 0 Vascular disorders Hemorrhage Hemorrhage: Epistaxis, petechiae, hemarthrosis, hematoma, hematuria. 11 2 23 6 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of BLINCYTO. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Fatal pancreatitis in patients receiving BLINCYTO in combination with dexamethasone.