Drug Economics & Access

A clear-eyed look at the forces that drive prescription drug prices — from billion-dollar R&D pipelines to marketing costs, patent protection, and the roles played by insurers and pharmacy benefit managers.

Generics account for over 90% of US prescriptions yet cost a fraction of brand-name drugs. This guide explains FDA bioequivalence standards, addresses common patient concerns, and clarifies which drugs warrant extra caution.

Drug patents grant manufacturers temporary monopoly rights that shape pricing, generic availability, and patient access. Learn how the patent system works, how companies extend exclusivity, and when you can expect generic competition.

Pharmaceutical manufacturers and nonprofits operate programs that provide free or discounted medications to qualifying patients. This guide walks through who qualifies, how to apply, and which organizations can help.

Drug prices vary dramatically across pharmacies, chains, and online services. This practical guide shows you exactly how to compare drug prices, use discount tools, and find the lowest legitimate cost for your prescriptions.

Formularies, tiers, prior authorizations, step therapy, and deductibles: insurance coverage for prescription drugs is complicated. This guide decodes the system and explains how to work within it effectively.

Biologics revolutionized treatment for cancer, autoimmune disease, and diabetes, but their cost can be prohibitive. Biosimilars offer comparable effectiveness at meaningfully lower prices. Here is what patients need to know.

With US drug prices far above those in other countries, many patients consider importing medications from Canada or elsewhere. This guide explains what is legal, what is risky, and how to stay safe.

Some prescription drugs become available over-the-counter, while the reverse also occurs. Understanding the OTC-Rx divide helps patients find affordable care and recognize when self-treatment is appropriate.

Compounding pharmacies create customized medications tailored to individual patients — different strengths, flavors, or formulations. Learn when compounding is appropriate, how it is regulated, and what questions to ask.

Drug shortages affect hospitals, pharmacies, and patients every year. This guide explains why shortages happen, which drugs are most at risk, and practical strategies for patients and providers to cope when medications are unavailable.

From the Inflation Reduction Act's Medicare negotiation authority to cell therapies priced at millions of dollars, the landscape of drug pricing is shifting. This guide surveys the forces reshaping how medications are priced and accessed.