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Clinical Trial Phases

定義

The sequential stages of testing a new drug in humans. Phase I tests safety in 20-100 healthy volunteers. Phase II tests efficacy in 100-300 patients. Phase III confirms efficacy in 1,000-3,000+ patients (pivotal trials for FDA approval). Phase IV conducts post-marketing surveillance after approval.

COVID-19 vaccines went through all four phases, but some phases ran in parallel under emergency timelines, reducing the typical 10-15 year development to about 1 year.

関連用語

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