Ropeginterferon Alfa-2B

Q: What should I know before taking Ropeginterferon Alfa-2B?

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 5.1 Depression and Suicide Life-threatening or fatal neuropsychiatric reactions have occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These reactions may occur in patients with and without previous psychiatric illness. Serious neuropsychiatric reactions have been observed in 3% of patients treated with BESREMi during the clinical development program. Among the 178 patients in the clinical development program of BESREMi, 17 cases of depression

Q: Is Ropeginterferon Alfa-2B available over the counter?

Ropeginterferon Alfa-2B is a prescription medication. You will need a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider.

Prescription

Nomes comerciais: BESREMi

Forma Farmacêutica

Injection

Via de Administração

SUBCUTANEOUS

Fabricante

PharmaEssentia USA

About This Medication

11 DESCRIPTION Ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft, an interferon alfa-2b, is an N-terminal monopegylated covalent conjugate of proline interferon alfa-2b, produced in Escherichia coli cells by recombinant DNA technology, with a methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) moiety. Ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft has an approximate molecular weight of 60 kDa and the approximate molecular weight of the PEG portion of the molecule is 40 kDa. BESREMi (ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft) injection is a sterile, preservative-free, clear and colorless to slightly yellowish solution for subcutaneous use supplied in a single dose prefilled syringe. Each prefilled syringe delivers 1 mL of solution containing 500 mcg of ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft and benzyl alcohol (10 mg), glacial acetic acid (0.05 mg), polysorbate 80 (0.05 mg), sodium acetate (1.58 mg), sodium chloride (8 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is approximately 6.

Princípios Ativos

Ingrediente	Concentração
Ropeginterferon Alfa-2B	-

Indicações e Uso

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE BESREMi is indicated for the treatment of adults with polycythemia vera. BESREMi is an interferon alfa-2b indicated for the treatment of adults with polycythemia vera ( 1 )

Como funciona

12.1 Mechanism of Action Interferon alfa belongs to the class of type I interferons, which exhibit their cellular effects in polycythemia vera in the bone marrow by binding to a transmembrane receptor termed interferon alfa receptor (IFNAR). Binding to IFNAR initiates a downstream signaling cascade through the activation of kinases, in particular Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. Nuclear translocation of STAT proteins controls distinct gene-expression programs and exhibits various cellular effects. The actions involved in the therapeutic effects of interferon alfa in polycythemia vera are not fully elucidated.

Posologia e Administração

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Pre-Treatment Testing Obtain a pregnancy test in females of reproductive potential prior to initiating treatment with BESREMi [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)]. 2.2 Recommended Dosage Patients Not Already on Hydroxyurea: The recommended BESREMi starting dosage for patients not on hydroxyurea is 100 mcg by subcutaneous injection every two weeks. Increase the dose by 50 mcg every two weeks (up to a maximum of 500 mcg), until the hematological parameters are stabilized (hematocrit less than 45%, platelets less than 400 x 109/L, and leukocytes less than 10 x 109/L). Patients Transitioning from Hydroxyurea: When transitioning to BESREMi from hydroxyurea, start BESREMi at 50 mcg by subcutaneous injection every two weeks in combination with hydroxyurea. Gradually taper off the hydroxyurea by reducing the total biweekly dose by 20-40% every two weeks during Weeks 3-12. Increase the dose of BESREMi by 50 mcg every two weeks (up to a maximum of 500 mcg), until the hematological parameters are stabilized (hematocrit less than 45%, platelets less than 400 x 109/L, and leukocytes less than 10 x 109/L). Discontinue hydroxyurea by Week 13. Maintain the two-week dosing interval of BESREMi at which hematological stability is achieved for at least 1 year. After achievement of hematological stability for at least 1 year on a stable dose of BESREMi, the dosing interval may be expanded to every 4 weeks. Monitor patients closely especially during the titration phase. Perform complete blood counts (CBC) regularly, every 2 weeks during the titration phase and every 3-6 months during the maintenance phase (after the patient’s optimal dose is established). Monitor CBC more frequently if clinically indicated. Phlebotomy as rescue treatment to normalize blood hyperviscosity may be necessary during the titration phase [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. 2.3 Dose Modifications Monitor CBC every 2 weeks during the titration phase and dose modification phase. Phlebotomy as rescue treatment to normalize blood hyperviscosity may be necessary [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. If dose interruption occurs, resume dosing at previously attained levels. If drug-related toxicities arise, reduce the dose to the next lower level or interrupt in accordance with the table below (Table 1). If there is insufficient efficacy at the decreased dose following dose modification, a dose increase attempt to the next higher dose level should be considered after recovery to grade 1 toxicity. Table 1 Dose Modifications for BESREMi Adverse Reactions Adverse Reaction a Severity Dosage Modification Liver enzyme elevation with concomitant bilirubin elevation, or other evidence of hepatic decompensation Any increase above baseline Interrupt treatment until recovery, restart at dose 50 mcg lower than the interrupted dose. If the interrupted dose is 50 mcg, refrain from treatment until recovery. Consider permanent discontinuation if toxicity persists after four dose- modifications. Liver enzyme elevation >5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN) but ≤20 x ULN Decrease dose by 50 mcg; if toxicity does not improve, continue decreasing at biweekly intervals until alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) recover < 3 x ULN if baseline was normal; 3 x baseline if baseline was abnormal, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) recovers to < 2.5 x ULN if baseline was normal; 2.5 x baseline if baseline was abnormal. If the interrupted dose is 50 mcg, refrain from treatment until recovery. >20 x ULN Interrupt treatment until ALT and AST recover to < 3 x ULN if baseline was normal; 1.5 x baseline if baseline was abnormal, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) recovers to < 2.5 x ULN if baseline was normal; 2 x baseline if baseline was abnormal. Consider permanent discontinuation if toxicity persists after four dose-modifications. Cytopenia Anemia: Hemoglobin (Hgb) < 8 g/dL Thrombocytopenia: platelet count < 50,000/mm3 but ≥25,000/mm3 Leukopenia: white blood cell count (WBC) <2000/mm3 but ≥1,000/mm3 Decrease dose by 50 mcg; if toxicity does not improve, continue decreasing at biweekly intervals until recovery of Hgb >10.0 g/dL, platelets >75,000/mm3, and WBC >3,000/mm3 If the interrupted dose is 50 mcg, refrain from treatment until recovery. Anemia: Hemoglobin levels are life threatening, or urgent intervention needed Thrombocytopenia: platelet count <25,000/mm3 Leukopenia: WBC <1000/mm3 Interrupt treatment until recovery of Hgb >10.0 g/dL, platelets >75,000/mm3, and WBC >3,000/mm3. Consider permanent discontinuation if toxicity persists after four dose-modifications. Depression Mild, without suicidal ideation Moderate, without suicidal ideation Severe, or any severity with suicidal ideation Consider psychiatric consultation if persistent (>8 weeks). Consider dose reduction and psychiatric consultation. Discontinue therapy, recommend psychiatric consultation. a National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 3.0 2.4 Preparation and Administration Read the INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE before administering the single-dose BESREMi prefilled syringe. BESREMi is for subcutaneous injection only and may be administered by either a healthcare professional, a patient or a caregiver. Before a decision is made to allow BESREMi to be administered by a patient or caregiver, ensure that the patient is an appropriate candidate for self-administration or administration by a caregiver. Proper training on storage, preparation and administration technique should be provided. If a patient or caregiver is not an appropriate candidate for any reason, then BESREMi should be administered by a healthcare professional. Before each injection, remove the carton that contains the BESREMi prefilled syringe from the refrigerator. Keep the prefilled syringe in the carton and lay it flat on a clean work surface for 15-30 minutes to allow the prefilled syringe to reach room temperature [59 ˚F to 77 ˚F (15 ˚C to 25 ˚C)]. Before injection, visually inspect BESREMi in the prefilled syringe for particulate matter and discoloration before administration (do not use if the solution in the syringe is cloudy, discolored, contains particulate matter or if the syringe shows any sign of damage). Syringe Preparation Remove the prefilled syringe cap by unscrewing it counterclockwise. Attach the covered needle to the prefilled syringe by firmly pushing it onto the collar of the syringe and then screwing (turn clockwise) it on until it feels securely attached. Choose one of the following injection sites: Lower stomach (abdomen) area, at least 2 inches away from the belly button, or top of thighs. Rotate (change) the injection site for each injection. Do not inject into skin that is irritated, red, bruised, infected, or scarred; clean the chosen injection site with an alcohol swab and let air dry. Uncap needle and move air bubbles to top. Pull the pink needle shield back and hold the syringe from the syringe body. Remove the clear needle cap by pulling it straight off. Throw away the needle cap into the trash. Hold the prefilled syringe with the needle pointing up. Tap on the body of the prefilled syringe to move any air bubbles to the top. Set Injection Dose Depending on the prescribed dose, the amount of dose in the syringe may need to be adjusted by discarding some of the medication. Hold the prefilled syringe at eye level with the needle pointing straight up over a paper towel, sink, or trash can. Check that you can see the dose lines and number markings on the prefilled syringe. Pinch the end of the plunger and slowly push up to remove liquid medicine until the top edge of the gray stopper lines up with the marking for the prescribed dose. Inject BESREMi Pinch the chosen injection site. While pinching the skin, insert needle at a 45- to 90-degree angle into the pinched skin, then release the pinched skin. Inject BESREMi by slowly pressing on the plunger all the way until it stops. After all the liquid medicine is injected, remove the needle from the skin. Dispose of Used Syringe Carefully push the pink needle shield over the needle until it snaps into place and covers the needle. Do not recap the needle using the needle cap; only use the pink needle shield to cover the needle. Throw away the used prefilled syringe with the needle still attached, into an FDA-cleared sharps disposal container. Recommended starting dose: 100 mcg by subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks (50 mcg if receiving hydroxyurea). Increase the dose by 50 mcg every 2 weeks (up to a maximum of 500 mcg) until hematological parameters are stabilized ( 2.1 ) Interrupt or discontinue dosing if certain adverse reactions occur ( 2.3 , 5 ) 2.1 Pre-Treatment Testing Pregnancy testing is recommended prior to BESREMi treatment in females of reproductive potential [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3) ] . 2.2 Recommended Dosage Patients Not Already on Hydroxyurea : The recommended BESREMi starting dosage for patients not on hydroxyurea is 100 mcg by subcutaneous injection every two weeks. Increase the dose by 50 mcg every two weeks (up to a maximum of 500 mcg), until the hematological parameters are stabilized (hematocrit less than 45%, platelets less than 400 × 10 9 /L, and leukocytes less than 10 × 10 9 /L). Patients Transitioning from Hydroxyurea : When transitioning to BESREMi from hydroxyurea, start BESREMi at 50 mcg by subcutaneous injection every two weeks in combination with hydroxyurea. Gradually taper off the hydroxyurea by reducing the total biweekly dose by 20-40% every two weeks during Weeks 3-12. Increase the dose of BESREMi by 50 mcg every two weeks (up to a maximum of 500 mcg), until the hematological parameters are stabilized (hematocrit less than 45%, platelets less than 400 × 10 9 /L, and leukocytes less than 10 × 10 9 /L). Discontinue hydroxyurea by Week 13. Maintain the two week dosing interval of BESREMi at which hematological stability is achieved for at least 1 year. After achievement of hematological stability for at least 1 year on a stable dose of BESREMi, the dosing interval may be expanded to every 4 weeks. Monitor patients closely especially during the titration phase. Perform complete blood counts (CBC) regularly, every 2 weeks during the titration phase and every 3-6 months during the maintenance phase (after the patient's optimal dose is established). Monitor CBC more frequently if clinically indicated. Phlebotomy as rescue treatment to normalize blood hyperviscosity may be necessary during the titration phase [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) ] . 2.3 Dose Modifications Monitor CBC every 2 weeks during the titration phase and dose modification phase. Phlebotomy as rescue treatment to normalize blood hyperviscosity may be necessary [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) ] . If dose interruption occurs, resume dosing at previously attained levels. If drug-related toxicities arise, reduce the dose to the next lower level or interrupt in accordance with the table below (Table 1). If there is insufficient efficacy at the decreased dose following dose modification, a dose increase attempt to the next higher dose level should be considered after recovery to grade 1 toxicity. Table 1 Dose Modifications for BESREMi Adverse Reactions Adverse Reaction National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 3.0 Severity Dosage Modification Liver enzyme elevation with concomitant bilirubin elevation, or other evidence of hepatic decompensation Any increase above baseline Interrupt treatment until recovery, restart at dose 50 mcg lower than the interrupted dose. If the interrupted dose is 50 mcg, refrain from treatment until recovery. Consider permanent discontinuation if toxicity persists after four dose-modifications. Liver enzyme elevation >5 × the upper limit of normal (ULN) but ≤20 × ULN Decrease dose by 50 mcg; if toxicity does not improve, continue decreasing at biweekly intervals until alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) recover < 3 × ULN if baseline was normal; 3 × baseline if baseline was abnormal, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) recovers to < 2.5 × ULN if baseline was normal; 2.5 × baseline if baseline was abnormal. If the interrupted dose is 50 mcg, refrain from treatment until recovery. >20 × ULN Interrupt treatment until ALT and AST recover to < 3 × ULN if baseline was normal; 1.5 × baseline if baseline was abnormal, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) recovers to < 2.5 × ULN if baseline was normal; 2 × baseline if baseline was abnormal. Consider permanent discontinuation if toxicity persists after four dose-modifications. Cytopenia Anemia: Hemoglobin (Hgb) < 8 g/dL Decrease dose by 50 mcg; if toxicity does not improve, continue decreasing at biweekly intervals until recovery of Hgb >10.0 g/dL, platelets >75,000/mm 3 , and WBC >3,000/mm 3 Thrombocytopenia: platelet count < 50,000/mm 3 but ≥25,000/mm 3 Leukopenia: white blood cell count (WBC) <2000/mm 3 but ≥1,000/mm 3 If the interrupted dose is 50 mcg, refrain from treatment until recovery. Anemia: Hemoglobin levels are life threatening, or urgent intervention needed Interrupt treatment until recovery of Hgb >10.0 g/dL, platelets >75,000/mm 3 , and WBC >3,000/mm 3 . Thrombocytopenia: platelet count <25,000/mm 3 Consider permanent discontinuation if toxicity persists after four dose-modifications. Leukopenia: WBC <1000/mm 3 Depression Mild, without suicidal ideation Consider psychiatric consultation if persistent (>8 weeks). Moderate, without suicidal ideation Consider dose reduction and psychiatric consultation. Severe, or any severity with suicidal ideation Discontinue therapy, recommend psychiatric consultation. 2.4 Preparation and Administration Read the INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE before administering the single-dose BESREMi prefilled syringe. BESREMi is for subcutaneous injection only and may be administered by either a healthcare professional, a patient or a caregiver. Before a decision is made to allow BESREMi to be administered by a patient or caregiver, ensure that the patient is an appropriate candidate for self-administration or administration by a caregiver. Proper training on storage, preparation and administration technique should be provided. If a patient or caregiver is not an appropriate candidate for any reason, then BESREMi should be administered by a healthcare professional. Before each injection, remove the carton that contains the BESREMi prefilled syringe from the refrigerator. Keep the prefilled syringe in the carton and lay it flat on a clean work surface for 15-30 minutes to allow the prefilled syringe to reach room temperature [59 ˚F to 77 ˚F (15 ˚C to 25 ˚C)]. Before injection, visually inspect BESREMi in the prefilled syringe for particulate matter and discoloration before administration (do not use if the solution in the syringe is cloudy, discolored, contains particulate matter or if the syringe shows any sign of damage). Syringe Preparation Remove the prefilled syringe cap by unscrewing it counterclockwise. Attach the covered needle to the prefilled syringe by firmly pushing it onto the collar of the syringe and then screwing (turn clockwise) it on until it feels securely attached. Choose one of the following injection sites: Lower stomach (abdomen) area, at least 2 inches away from the belly button, or top of thighs. Rotate (change) the injection site for each injection. Do not inject into skin that is irritated, red, bruised, infected, or scarred; clean the chosen injection site with an alcohol swab and let air dry. Uncap needle and move air bubbles to top. Pull the pink needle shield back and hold the syringe from the syringe body. Remove the clear needle cap by pulling it straight off. Throw away the needle cap into the trash. Hold the prefilled syringe with the needle pointing up. Tap on the body of the prefilled syringe to move any air bubbles to the top. Set Injection Dose Depending on the prescribed dose, the amount of dose in the syringe may need to be adjusted by discarding some of the medication. Hold the prefilled syringe at eye level with the needle pointing straight up over a paper towel, sink, or trash can. Check that you can see the dose lines and number markings on the prefilled syringe. Pinch the end of the plunger and slowly push up to remove liquid medicine until the top edge of the gray stopper lines up with the marking for the prescribed dose. Inject BESREMi Pinch the chosen injection site. While pinching the skin, insert needle at a 45- to 90-degree angle into the pinched skin, then release the pinched skin. Inject BESREMi by slowly pressing on the plunger all the way until it stops. After all the liquid medicine is injected, remove the needle from the skin. Dispose of Used Syringe Carefully push the pink needle shield over the needle until it snaps into place and covers the needle. Do not recap the needle using the needle cap; only use the pink needle shield to cover the needle. Throw away the used prefilled syringe with the needle still attached, into an FDA-cleared sharps disposal container.

Side Effects Overview

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling. Depression and Suicide [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Endocrine Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Cardiovascular Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Decreased Peripheral Blood Counts [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] Pancreatitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] Colitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] Pulmonary Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)] Ophthalmologic Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] Hyperlipidemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)] Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)] Renal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)] Dental and Periodontal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13)] Dermatologic Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14)] Driving and Operating Machinery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15)] 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The pooled safety population described in the Warnings and Precautions section reflects exposure to BESREMi as monotherapy for the treatment of polycythemia vera dosed every two to four weeks in 178 patients in two open-label trials [PEGINVERA, PROUD/CONTINUATION PV]. The mean age at baseline was 58.6 years (range 30-85 years), 88 (49.4%) women, 90 (50.6%) men, 177 (99%) Caucasian and 1 (1%) Asian. Among 178 patients who received BESREMi, 80% were exposed for 12 months or longer. The mean dose of BESREMi was 334 mcg SD ± 121 during the treatment period. In this pooled safety population, the most common adverse reactions greater than 10%, were liver enzyme elevations (20%), leukopenia (20%), thrombocytopenia (19%), arthralgia (13%), fatigue (12%), myalgia (11%), and influenza-like illness (11%). The safety findings described below reflect exposure to BESREMi as monotherapy for the treatment of polycythemia vera in 51 patients in the PEGINVERA study [see Clinical Studies (14) ]. Among the 51 patients receiving BESREMi, 71% were exposed for 12 months or longer, 63% were exposed for three years or longer, and 53% were exposed for greater than five years. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 16% of patients in the PEGINVERA study. The most common serious adverse reactions observed during the study (> 4%) included urinary tract infection (8%), transient ischemic attack (6%) and depression (4%). Adverse reactions requiring permanent discontinuation in >2% of patients who received BESREMi included depression (8%) arthralgia (4%), fatigue (4%), and general physical health deterioration (4%) In the PEGINVERA study, patients were not pre-screened for depression or anxiety disorders. The most common adverse reactions reported in ≥10% of patients in the PEGINVERA study are listed in Table 2. Table 2 Adverse Reactions in > 10% of Subjects with Polycythemia Vera in the PEGINVERA Study Over 7.5 Years. Adverse Reactions* BESREMi N=51 % Influenza-like illness a 59 Arthralgia 47 Fatigue b 47 Pruritis 45 Nasopharyngitis c 43 Musculoskeletal pain d 41 Headache e 39 Diarrhea 33 Hyperhidrosis f 29 Nausea 28 Upper respiratory tract infection g 27 Local administration site reactions 26 Dizziness 22 Abdominal pain h 20 Depression 20 Sleep disorder i 20 Leukopenia 18 Decreased appetite 18 Alopecia 16 Edema j 16 Hypertension k 16 Muscle spasms 16 Neutropenia 16 Rash l 16 Transaminase elevations m 16 Urinary tract infection 16 Thrombocytopenia 12 Vertigo 12 *Adverse Reactions defined as all treatment emergent adverse events Grouped Term Definitions a Includes pyrexia, chills, and influenza-like illness. b Includes asthenia, malaise, and fatigue. c Includes pharyngitis and nasopharyngitis. d Includes musculoskeletal pain, back pain, pain in extremity, bone pain, flank pain, and spinal pain. e Includes headache, migraine, and head pain. f Includes night sweats and hyperhidrosis. g Includes upper respiratory tract infection, rhinitis, bronchitis, and respiratory tract infection. h Includes abdominal pain upper, abdominal pain lower, and abdominal pain. i Includes insomnia, sleep disorder, and abnormal dreams. j Includes peripheral edema and generalized edema. k Includes hypertension and hypertensive crisis. l Includes rash, maculopapular rash, and pruritic rash. m Includes transaminase increase, hepatic enzyme increase, GGT increase, AST increase, and ALT increase. Cardiovascular System : Atrial fibrillation The most common adverse reactions reported in > 40% of patients were influenza-like illness, arthralgia, fatigue, pruritus, nasopharyngitis, and musculoskeletal pain ( 6 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact PharmaEssentia at 1-800-999-2449 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling. Depression and Suicide [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Endocrine Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Cardiovascular Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Decreased Peripheral Blood Counts [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Pancreatitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Colitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Pulmonary Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Ophthalmologic Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Hyperlipidemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] Renal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] Dental and Periodontal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] Dermatologic Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14) ] Driving and Operating Machinery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15) ] Embryo-Fetal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.16) ] Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The pooled safety population described in the Warnings and Precautions section reflects exposure to BESREMi as monotherapy for the treatment of polycythemia vera dosed every two to four weeks in 178 patients in two open-label trials [ PEGINVERA, PROUD/CONTINUATION PV ]. The mean age at baseline was 58.6 years (range 30-85 years), 88 (49.4%) women, 90 (50.6%) men, 177 (99%) Caucasian and 1 (1%) Asian. Among 178 patients who received BESREMi, 80% were exposed for 12 months or longer. The mean dose of BESREMi was 334 mcg SD ± 121 during the treatment period. In this pooled safety population, the most common adverse reactions greater than 10%, were liver enzyme elevations (20%), leukopenia (20%), thrombocytopenia (19%), arthralgia (13%), fatigue (12%), myalgia (11%), and influenza-like illness (11%). The safety findings described below reflect exposure to BESREMi as monotherapy for the treatment of polycythemia vera in 51 patients in the PEGINVERA study [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . Among the 51 patients receiving BESREMi, 71% were exposed for 12 months or longer, 63% were exposed for three years or longer, and 53% were exposed for greater than five years. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 16% of patients in the PEGINVERA study. The most common serious adverse reactions observed during the study (≥ 4%) included urinary tract infection (8%), transient ischemic attack (6%) and depression (4%). Adverse reactions requiring permanent discontinuation in >2% of patients who received BESREMi included depression (8%), arthralgia (4%), fatigue (4%), and general physical health deterioration (4%) In the PEGINVERA study, patients were not pre-screened for depression or anxiety disorders. The most common adverse reactions reported in ≥10% of patients in the PEGINVERA study are listed in Table 2. Table 2 Adverse Reactions in > 10% of Subjects with Polycythemia Vera in the PEGINVERA Study Over 7.5 Years. Adverse Reactions Adverse Reactions defined as all treatment emergent adverse events BESREMi N=51 % Grouped Term Definitions Influenza-like illness Includes pyrexia, chills, and influenza-like illness. 59 Arthralgia 47 Fatigue Includes asthenia, malaise, and fatigue. 47 Pruritis 45 Nasopharyngitis Includes pharyngitis and nasopharyngitis. 43 Musculoskeletal pain Includes musculoskeletal pain, back pain, pain in extremity, bone pain, flank pain, and spinal pain. 41 Headache Includes headache, migraine, and head pain. 39 Diarrhea 33 Hyperhidrosis Includes night sweats and hyperhidrosis. 29 Nausea 28 Upper respiratory tract infection Includes upper respiratory tract infection, rhinitis, bronchitis, and respiratory tract infection. 27 Local administration site reactions 26 Dizziness 22 Abdominal pain Includes abdominal pain upper, abdominal pain lower, and abdominal pain. 20 Depression 20 Sleep disorder Includes insomnia, sleep disorder, and abnormal dreams. 20 Leukopenia 18 Decreased appetite 18 Alopecia 16 Edema Includes peripheral edema and generalized edema. 16 Hypertension Includes hypertension and hypertensive crisis. 16 Muscle spasms 16 Neutropenia 16 Rash Includes rash, maculopapular rash, and pruritic rash. 16 Transaminase elevations Includes transaminase increase, hepatic enzyme increase, GGT increase, AST increase, and ALT increase. 16 Urinary tract infection 16 Thrombocytopenia 12 Vertigo 12 Clinically relevant adverse reactions in < 10% of patients include: Cardiovascular System: Atrial fibrillation 6.2 Immunogenicity As with all therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors, including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other interferon alfa-2b products may be misleading. The incidence of binding antibodies to ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft was 1.4% (2/146) and they were observed as early as 8 weeks post-dosing. Among the patients who tested positive for binding antibodies, none developed neutralizing antibodies.

Advertências e Precauções

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 5.1 Depression and Suicide Life-threatening or fatal neuropsychiatric reactions have occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These reactions may occur in patients with and without previous psychiatric illness. Serious neuropsychiatric reactions have been observed in 3% of patients treated with BESREMi during the clinical development program. Among the 178 patients in the clinical development program of BESREMi, 17 cases of depression, depressive symptoms, depressed mood, and listlessness occurred. Of these seventeen cases, 3.4% of the patients recovered with temporary drug interruption and 2.8% stopped BESREMi treatment. Other central nervous system effects, including suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, aggression, bipolar disorder, mania and confusion have been observed with other interferon alfa products. BESREMi is contraindicated in patients with a history of severe psychiatric disorders, particularly severe depression, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempt [see Contraindications (4) ]. Closely monitor patients for any symptoms of psychiatric disorders and consider psychiatric consultation and treatment if such symptoms emerge. If psychiatric symptoms worsen, it is recommended to discontinue BESREMi therapy. 5.2 Endocrine Toxicity Endocrine toxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These toxicities may include worsening hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Autoimmune thyroiditis and hyperglycemia, including new onset type 1 diabetes, have been reported in patients receiving interferon alfa-2b products. Eight cases of hyperthyroidism (4.5%), seven cases of hypothyroidism (3.9%) and five cases (2.8%) of autoimmune thyroiditis/thyroiditis occurred in the development program of BESREMi. Do not use BESREMi in patients with active serious or untreated endocrine disorders associated with autoimmune disease [ Contraindications (4) ]. Evaluate thyroid function in patients who develop symptoms suggestive of thyroid disease during BESREMi therapy. Discontinue BESREMi in patients who develop endocrine disorders that cannot be adequately managed during treatment with BESREMi. 5.3 Cardiovascular Toxicity Cardiovascular toxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. Toxicities may include cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and coronary artery ischemia [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. Patients with a history of cardiovascular disorders should be closely monitored for cardiovascular toxicity during BESREMi therapy. Avoid use of BESREMi in patients with severe or unstable cardiovascular disease, (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure (≥ NYHA class 2), serious cardiac arrhythmia, significant coronary artery stenosis, unstable angina) or recent stroke or myocardial infarction. 5.4 Decreased Peripheral Blood Counts Decreased peripheral blood counts have occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These toxicities may include thrombocytopenia (increasing the risk of bleeding), anemia, and leukopenia (increasing the risk of infection). Thrombocytopenia of grade 3 (platelet counts <50,000 – 25,000/mm3) or greater occurred in 2% of BESREMi-treated patients. Anemia of grade 3 (Hgb < 8 g/dL) or greater occurred in 1% of BESREMi-treated patients. Leukopenia of grade 3 (WBC counts <2,000 – 1,000/mm3) or greater occurred in 2% of BESREMi-treated patients. Infection occurred in 48% of BESREMi treated patients, while serious infections occurred in 8% of BESREMi treated patients. Monitor complete blood counts at baseline, during titration and every 3-6 months during the maintenance phase. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infection or bleeding. 5.5 Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions have occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. BESREMi is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity reactions to interferon products or any of the inactive ingredients in BESREMi [see Contraindications (4) ]. Toxicities may include serious, acute hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., urticaria, angioedema, bronchoconstriction, anaphylaxis). If such reactions occur, discontinue BESREMi and institute appropriate medical therapy immediately. Transient rashes may not necessitate interruption of treatment. 5.6 Pancreatitis Pancreatitis has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. Pancreatitis was reported in 2.2% of patients receiving BESREMi. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal pain, bloating, and fever. Patients may experience elevated lipase, amylase, white blood cell count, or altered renal/hepatic function. Interrupt BESREMi treatment in patients with possible pancreatitis and evaluate promptly. Consider discontinuation of BESREMi in patients with confirmed pancreatitis. 5.7 Colitis Fatal and serious ulcerative or hemorrhagic/ischemic colitis have occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, some cases occurring as early as 12 weeks after start of treatment. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and fever. Discontinue BESREMi in patients who develop these signs or symptoms. Colitis may resolve within 1 to 3 weeks of stopping treatment. 5.8 Pulmonary Toxicity Pulmonary toxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. Pulmonary toxicity may manifest as dyspnea, pulmonary infiltrates, pneumonia, bronchiolitis obliterans, interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary hypertension, and sarcoidosis. Some events have resulted in respiratory failure or death. Discontinue BESREMi in patients who develop pulmonary infiltrates or pulmonary function impairment. 5.9 Ophthalmologic Toxicity Ophthalmologic toxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These toxicities may include severe eye disorders such as retinopathy, retinal hemorrhage, retinal exudates, retinal detachment and retinal artery or vein occlusion which may result in blindness. During BESREMi therapy, 23% of patients were identified with an eye disorder. Eyes disorders ≥5% included cataract (6%) and dry eye (5%). Advise patients to have eye examinations before and during BESREMi therapy, specifically in those patients with a retinopathy-associated disease such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Evaluate eye symptoms promptly. Discontinue BESREMi in patients who develop new or worsening eye disorders. 5.10 Hyperlipidemia Hyperlipidemia has occurred in patients treated with interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. Hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or dyslipidemia occurred in 3% of patients receiving BESREMi. Elevated triglycerides may result in pancreatitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ]. Monitor serum triglycerides before BESREMi treatment and intermittently during therapy and manage when elevated. Consider discontinuation of BESREMi in patients with persistently, markedly elevated triglycerides. 5.11 Hepatotoxicity Hepatotoxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These toxicities may include increases in serum ALT, AST, GGT and bilirubin. BESREMi is contraindicated in patients with moderate (Child-Pugh B) or severe (Child-Pugh C) hepatic impairment [see Contraindications (4) ]. Increases in serum ALT ≥3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), AST ≥3 times the ULN, GGT ≥3 times the ULN, and bilirubin >2 times the ULN have been observed in patients treated with BESREMi. In the clinical development program of BESREMi, 36 patients (20%) experienced liver enzyme elevations, 33 of whom had elevations of 1.25-5x ULN. Patients were able to resume BESREMi upon resolution of liver enzyme elevations. Liver enzyme elevations have also been reported in patients after long-term BESREMi therapy. Monitor liver enzymes and hepatic function at baseline and during BESREMi treatment. Reduce BESREMi dosage by 50 mcg for increased AST/ALT/GGT then monitor AST/ALT/GGT weekly until the values return to baseline or grade 1 (ALT and AST < 3 x ULN if baseline was normal; 1.5 - 3 x baseline if baseline was abnormal, and GGT < 2.5 x ULN if baseline was normal; 2 - 2.5 x baseline if baseline was abnormal) [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)]. If toxicity does not improve, continue decreasing the BESREMi dose at biweekly intervals until recovery to grade 1. Hold if AST/ALT/GGT > 20 x ULN and consider permanent discontinuation if increased liver enzyme levels persist after four dose-reductions. Discontinue BESREMi in patients who develop evidence of hepatic decompensation (characterized by jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome or variceal hemorrhage) during treatment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7) ]. 5.12 Renal Toxicity Renal toxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. During BESREMi therapy, <1% of patients were reported to develop renal impairment and <1% of patients were reported to have toxic nephropathy. Monitor serum creatinine at baseline and during therapy. Avoid use of BESREMi in patients with eGFR <30 mL/min. Discontinue BESREMi if severe renal impairment develops during treatment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ]. 5.13 Dental and Periodontal Toxicity Dental and periodontal toxicities may occur in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These toxicities may include dental and periodontal disorders, which may lead to loss of teeth. In addition, dry mouth could have a damaging effect on teeth and oral mucous membranes during long-term treatment with BESREMi. Patients should have good oral hygiene and regular dental examinations. 5.14 Dermatologic Toxicity Dermatologic toxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These toxicities have included skin rash, pruritus, alopecia, erythema, psoriasis, xeroderma, dermatitis acneiform, hyperkeratosis, and hyperhidrosis. Consider discontinuation of BESREMi if clinically significant dermatologic toxicity occurs. 5.15 Driving and Operating Machinery BESREMi may impact the ability to drive and use machinery. Patients should not drive or use heavy machinery until they know how BESREMi affects their abilities. Patients who experience dizziness, somnolence or hallucination during BESREMi therapy should avoid driving or using machinery. 5.16 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Based on the mechanism of action, BESREMi can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. Obtain a pregnancy test in females of reproductive potential prior to initiating treatment with BESREMi. Advise females of reproductive potential to use an effective method of contraception during treatment with BESREMi and for at least 8 weeks after the final dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3) ]. Patients exhibiting the following events should be closely monitored and may require dose reduction or discontinuation of therapy: Depression and Suicide: Monitor closely for symptoms and need for treatment. ( 5.1 ) Endocrine Toxicity: Discontinue if endocrine disorders occur that cannot be medically managed. ( 5.2 ) Cardiovascular Toxicity: Avoid use in patients with severe, acute or unstable cardiovascular disease. Monitor patients with history of cardiovascular disorders more frequently. ( 5.3 ) Decreased Peripheral Blood Counts: Perform blood counts at baseline, every 2 weeks during titration, and at least every 3-6 months during maintenance treatment. ( 5.4 ) Hypersensitivity Reactions: Stop treatment and immediately manage reaction. ( 5.5 ) Pancreatitis: Consider discontinuation if confirmed pancreatitis ( 5.6 ) Colitis: Discontinue if signs or symptoms of colitis ( 5.7 ) Pulmonary Toxicity: Discontinue if pulmonary infiltrates or pulmonary function impairment ( 5.8 ) Ophthalmologic Toxicity: Advise patients to have eye examinations before and during treatment. Evaluate eye symptoms promptly and discontinue if new or worsening eye disorders. ( 5.9 ) Hyperlipidemia: Monitor serum triglycerides before BESREMi treatment and intermittently during therapy and manage when elevated. ( 5.10 ) Hepatotoxicity: Monitor liver enzymes and hepatic function at baseline and during treatment. Reduce dose or discontinue depending on severity. ( 5.11 ) Renal Toxicity: Monitor serum creatinine at baseline and during therapy. Discontinue if severe renal impairment develops. ( 5.12 ) Dental and Periodontal Toxicity: Advise patients on good oral hygiene and to have regular dental examinations. ( 5.13 ) Dermatologic Toxicity: Consider discontinuing if clinically significant dermatologic toxicity. ( 5.14 ) Driving and Operating Machinery: Advise patients to avoid driving or using machinery if they experience dizziness, somnolence, or hallucination. ( 5.15 ) 5.1 Depression and Suicide Life-threatening or fatal neuropsychiatric reactions have occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These reactions may occur in patients with and without previous psychiatric illness. Serious neuropsychiatric reactions have been observed in 3% of patients treated with BESREMi during the clinical development program. Among the 178 patients in the clinical development program of BESREMi, 17 cases of depression, depressive symptoms, depressed mood, and listlessness occurred. Of these seventeen cases, 3.4% of the patients recovered with temporary drug interruption and 2.8% stopped BESREMi treatment. Other central nervous system effects, including suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, aggression, bipolar disorder, mania and confusion have been observed with other interferon alfa products. BESREMi is contraindicated in patients with a history of severe psychiatric disorders, particularly severe depression, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempt [see Contraindications (4) ] . Closely monitor patients for any symptoms of psychiatric disorders and consider psychiatric consultation and treatment if such symptoms emerge. If psychiatric symptoms worsen, it is recommended to discontinue BESREMi therapy. 5.2 Endocrine Toxicity Endocrine toxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These toxicities may include worsening hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Autoimmune thyroiditis and hyperglycemia, including new onset type 1 diabetes, have been reported in patients receiving interferon alfa-2b products. Eight cases of hyperthyroidism (4.5%), seven cases of hypothyroidism (3.9%) and five cases (2.8%) of autoimmune thyroiditis/thyroiditis occurred in the development program of BESREMi. Do not use BESREMi in patients with active serious or untreated endocrine disorders associated with autoimmune disease [Contraindications (4)] . Evaluate thyroid function in patients who develop symptoms suggestive of thyroid disease during BESREMi therapy. Discontinue BESREMi in patients who develop endocrine disorders that cannot be adequately managed during treatment with BESREMi. 5.3 Cardiovascular Toxicity Cardiovascular toxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. Toxicities may include cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and coronary artery ischemia [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Patients with a history of cardiovascular disorders should be closely monitored for cardiovascular toxicity during BESREMi therapy. Avoid use of BESREMi in patients with severe or unstable cardiovascular disease, (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure (≥ NYHA class 2), serious cardiac arrhythmia, significant coronary artery stenosis, unstable angina) or recent stroke or myocardial infarction. 5.4 Decreased Peripheral Blood Counts Decreased peripheral blood counts have occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These toxicities may include thrombocytopenia (increasing the risk of bleeding), anemia, and leukopenia (increasing the risk of infection). Thrombocytopenia of grade 3 (platelet counts <50,000 – 25,000/mm 3 ) or greater occurred in 2% of BESREMi-treated patients. Anemia of grade 3 (Hgb < 8 g/dL) or greater occurred in 1% of BESREMi-treated patients. Leukopenia of grade 3 (WBC counts <2,000 – 1,000/mm 3 ) or greater occurred in 2% of BESREMi-treated patients. Infection occurred in 48% of BESREMi treated patients, while serious infections occurred in 8% of BESREMi treated patients. Monitor complete blood counts at baseline, during titration and every 3-6 months during the maintenance phase. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infection or bleeding. 5.5 Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions have occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. BESREMi is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity reactions to interferon products or any of the inactive ingredients in BESREMi [see Contraindications (4) ] . Toxicities may include serious, acute hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., urticaria, angioedema, bronchoconstriction, anaphylaxis). If such reactions occur, discontinue BESREMi and institute appropriate medical therapy immediately. Transient rashes may not necessitate interruption of treatment. 5.6 Pancreatitis Pancreatitis has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. Pancreatitis was reported in 2.2% of patients receiving BESREMi. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal pain, bloating, and fever. Patients may experience elevated lipase, amylase, white blood cell count, or altered renal/hepatic function. Interrupt BESREMi treatment in patients with possible pancreatitis and evaluate promptly. Consider discontinuation of BESREMi in patients with confirmed pancreatitis. 5.7 Colitis Fatal and serious ulcerative or hemorrhagic/ischemic colitis have occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, some cases occurring as early as 12 weeks after start of treatment. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and fever. Discontinue BESREMi in patients who develop these signs or symptoms. Colitis may resolve within 1 to 3 weeks of stopping treatment. 5.8 Pulmonary Toxicity Pulmonary toxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. Pulmonary toxicity may manifest as dyspnea, pulmonary infiltrates, pneumonia, bronchiolitis obliterans, interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary hypertension, and sarcoidosis. Some events have resulted in respiratory failure or death. Discontinue BESREMi in patients who develop pulmonary infiltrates or pulmonary function impairment. 5.9 Ophthalmologic Toxicity Ophthalmologic toxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These toxicities may include severe eye disorders such as retinopathy, retinal hemorrhage, retinal exudates, retinal detachment and retinal artery or vein occlusion which may result in blindness. During BESREMi therapy, 23% of patients were identified with an eye disorder. Eyes disorders ≥5% included cataract (6%) and dry eye (5%). Advise patients to have eye examinations before and during BESREMi therapy, specifically in those patients with a retinopathy-associated disease such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Evaluate eye symptoms promptly. Discontinue BESREMi in patients who develop new or worsening eye disorders. 5.10 Hyperlipidemia Hyperlipidemia has occurred in patients treated with interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. Hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or dyslipidemia occurred in 3% of patients receiving BESREMi. Elevated triglycerides may result in pancreatitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] . Monitor serum triglycerides before BESREMi treatment and intermittently during therapy and manage when elevated. Consider discontinuation of BESREMi in patients with persistently, markedly elevated triglycerides. 5.11 Hepatotoxicity Hepatotoxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These toxicities may include increases in serum ALT, AST, GGT and bilirubin. BESREMi is contraindicated in patients with moderate (Child-Pugh B) or severe (Child-Pugh C) hepatic impairment [see Contraindications (4) ] . Increases in serum ALT ≥3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), AST ≥3 times the ULN, GGT ≥3 times the ULN, and bilirubin >2 times the ULN have been observed in patients treated with BESREMi. In the clinical development program of BESREMi, 36 patients (20%) experienced liver enzyme elevations, 33 of whom had elevations of 1.25-5× ULN. Patients were able to resume BESREMi upon resolution of liver enzyme elevations. Liver enzyme elevations have also been reported in patients after long-term BESREMi therapy. Monitor liver enzymes and hepatic function at baseline and during BESREMi treatment. Reduce BESREMi dosage by 50 mcg for increased AST/ALT/GGT then monitor AST/ALT/GGT weekly until the values return to baseline or grade 1 (ALT and AST < 3 × ULN if baseline was normal; 1.5 - 3 × baseline if baseline was abnormal, and GGT < 2.5 × ULN if baseline was normal; 2 - 2.5 × baseline if baseline was abnormal) [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) ]. If toxicity does not improve, continue decreasing the BESREMi dose at biweekly intervals until recovery to grade 1. Hold if AST/ALT/GGT > 20 × ULN and consider permanent discontinuation if increased liver enzyme levels persist after four dose-reductions. Discontinue BESREMi in patients who develop evidence of hepatic decompensation (characterized by jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome or variceal hemorrhage) during treatment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7) ] . 5.12 Renal Toxicity Renal toxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. During BESREMi therapy, <1% of patients were reported to develop renal impairment and <1% of patients were reported to have toxic nephropathy. Monitor serum creatinine at baseline and during therapy. Avoid use of BESREMi in patients with eGFR <30 mL/min. Discontinue BESREMi if severe renal impairment develops during treatment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ] . 5.13 Dental and Periodontal Toxicity Dental and periodontal toxicities may occur in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These toxicities may include dental and periodontal disorders, which may lead to loss of teeth. In addition, dry mouth could have a damaging effect on teeth and oral mucous membranes during long-term treatment with BESREMi. Patients should have good oral hygiene and regular dental examinations. 5.14 Dermatologic Toxicity Dermatologic toxicity has occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These toxicities have included skin rash, pruritus, alopecia, erythema, psoriasis, xeroderma, dermatitis acneiform, hyperkeratosis, and hyperhidrosis. Consider discontinuation of BESREMi if clinically significant dermatologic toxicity occurs. 5.15 Driving and Operating Machinery BESREMi may impact the ability to drive and use machinery. Patients should not drive or use heavy machinery until they know how BESREMi affects their abilities. Patients who experience dizziness, somnolence or hallucination during BESREMi therapy should avoid driving or using machinery. 5.16 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Based on the mechanism of action, BESREMi can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . Pregnancy testing is recommended in females of reproductive potential prior to treatment with BESREMi. Advise females of reproductive potential to use an effective method of contraception during treatment with BESREMi and for at least 8 weeks after the final dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1 , 8.3) ] .

Contraindicações

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS BESREMi is contraindicated in patients with: Existence of, or history of severe psychiatric disorders, particularly severe depression, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempt Hypersensitivity to interferons including interferon alfa-2b or any of the inactive ingredients of BESREMi Moderate (Child-Pugh B) or severe (Child-Pugh C) hepatic impairment History or presence of active serious or untreated autoimmune disease History of transplantation and receiving immunosuppressant agents. Existence of, or history of severe psychiatric disorders, particularly severe depression, suicidal ideation or suicide attempt ( 4 ) Hypersensitivity to interferon or to any component of BESREMi ( 4 ) Hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B or C) ( 4 ) History or presence of active serious or untreated autoimmune disease ( 4 ) Immunosuppressed transplant recipients ( 4 )

Farmacocinética

12.3 Pharmacokinetics In patients with polycythemia vera, the estimated steady state C max , C min and area under the curve (AUC) after a two-week dosing interval of BESREMi over a dose range of 100 mcg to 500 mcg ranged from 4.4 – 31 ng/mL, 1.4 – 12 ng/mL, and 1011 – 7809 ng×h/mL, respectively. The estimated steady state C max occurs between 2 to 5 days. Absorption The estimated geometric mean (CV%) of the absorption rate constant of BESREMi is 0.12 day -1 (27%) in patients with polycythemia vera. Distribution The estimated geometric mean (CV%) of apparent volume of distribution of BESREMi is 4.8 L (21%) in patients with polycythemia vera. Elimination BESREMi undergoes receptor independent degradation/excretion and receptor binding and subsequent degradation of the drug-receptor complex. The half-life and clearance of BESREMi is approximately 7 days and 1.7-2.5 L/h in patients with polycythemia vera over a dose range of 100 mcg to 500 mcg, respectively. Specific Populations No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of BESREMi were observed based on age, sex, body surface area, and JAK2V617F mutation. Drug Interactions Clinical Studies No clinical studies evaluating the drug interaction potential of BESREMi have been conducted. In Vitro Studies In vitro studies indicate that BESREMi exhibited time-dependent inhibitory potential on CYP2A6. BESREMi did not inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes. BESREMi is not expected to induce CYP enzymes. However, interferon may influence CYP450 through modulating transcription factors and altering protein expression and/or structure. As this mechanism requires more time to exert effect, it cannot be evaluated by in vitro assays.

Frequently Asked Questions

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE BESREMi is indicated for the treatment of adults with polycythemia vera. BESREMi is an interferon alfa-2b indicated for the treatment of adults with polycythemia vera ( 1 )

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Pre-Treatment Testing Obtain a pregnancy test in females of reproductive potential prior to initiating treatment with BESREMi [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)]. 2.2 Recommended Dosage Patients Not Already on Hydroxyurea: The recommended BESREMi starting dosage for patients not on hydroxyurea is 100 mcg by subcutaneous injection every two weeks. Increase the dose by 50 mcg every two weeks (up to a maximum of 500 mcg), until the hematological parameters are stabilized (hematocrit less than …

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 5.1 Depression and Suicide Life-threatening or fatal neuropsychiatric reactions have occurred in patients receiving interferon alfa products, including BESREMi. These reactions may occur in patients with and without previous psychiatric illness. Serious neuropsychiatric reactions have been observed in 3% of patients treated with BESREMi during the clinical development program. Among the 178 patients in the clinical development program of BESREMi, 17 cases of depression, depressive symptoms, depressed mood, and listlessness occurred. Of these seventeen cases, 3.4% …

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS BESREMi is contraindicated in patients with: Existence of, or history of severe psychiatric disorders, particularly severe depression, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempt Hypersensitivity to interferons including interferon alfa-2b or any of the inactive ingredients of BESREMi Moderate (Child-Pugh B) or severe (Child-Pugh C) hepatic impairment History or presence of active serious or untreated autoimmune disease History of transplantation and receiving immunosuppressant agents. Existence of, or history of severe psychiatric disorders, particularly severe depression, suicidal ideation or suicide attempt …

Ropeginterferon Alfa-2B is a prescription medication. You will need a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider.

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References & Data Sources

• DailyMed — Ropeginterferon Alfa-2B drug label (National Library of Medicine)
• openFDA — Ropeginterferon Alfa-2B label data (U.S. Food & Drug Administration)
• RxNorm — RXCUI 2587064 (NLM Normalized Drug Names)
• NDC Directory — Ropeginterferon Alfa-2B (FDA National Drug Code)

Aviso Médico

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Sempre busque o aconselhamento do seu médico ou outro profissional de saúde qualificado para quaisquer dúvidas que você possa ter sobre uma condição médica ou medicamento.

Fontes de dados: DailyMed (NLM), openFDA, MFDS