Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate

Q: What should I know before taking Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate?

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease: Avoid use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious cardiac arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, or other serious cardiac disease. ( 5.2 ) Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate: Monitor blood pressure and pulse. ( 5.3 ) Psychiatric Adverse Reactions: Prior to initiating dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate e

Prescription

Торговые наименования: Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate

Лекарственная Форма

Capsule

Путь Введения

ORAL

Производитель

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.

About This Medication

11 DESCRIPTION Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules contain mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine, a CNS stimulant. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules contains equal amounts (by weight) of four salts: dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine saccharate and amphetamine aspartate monohydrate. This results in a 3:1 mixture of dextro- to levo- amphetamine base equivalent. The 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 37.5 mg and 50 mg strength capsules are for oral administration. They contain three types of drug- releasing beads, an immediate release and two different types of delayed release (DR) beads. The first DR bead releases amphetamine at pH 5.5 and the other DR bead releases amphetamine at pH 7.0. CAPSULE STRENGTHS EACH CAPSULE CONTAINS: 12.5 mg 25 mg 37.5 mg 50 mg Dextroamphetamine Saccharate 3.125 mg 6.250 mg 9.375 mg 12.500 mg Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate 3.125 mg 6.250 mg 9.375 mg 12.500 mg Dextroamphetamine Sulfate 3.125 mg 6.250 mg 9.375 mg 12.500 mg Amphetamine Sulfate 3.125 mg 6.250 mg 9.375 mg 12.500 mg Total mixed amphetamine salts 12.500 mg 25 mg 37.5 mg 50 mg Total amphetamine base equivalence 7.8 mg 15.6 mg 23.5 mg 31.3 mg Inactive Ingredients and Colors: The inactive ingredients in dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules include: ammonio methacrylate copolymer (Type B), dibutyl sebacate, ethylcellulose, FD&C Yellow #6, FD&C Blue #2, gelatin, hypromellose, methacrylic acid copolymer (Type-C), polyethylene glycol, sugar spheres, talc, titanium dioxide, triethyl citrate, yellow iron oxide and edible inks. The 37.5 mg strength capsule also contains red iron oxide. The 50 mg strength capsule also contains D&C Red #28, D&C Red #33, and FD&C Blue #1.

Действующие Вещества

Компонент	Дозировка
Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate	-
Amphetamine Sulfate	-
Dextroamphetamine Saccharate	-
Dextroamphetamine Sulfate	-

Показания и Применение

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in patients 13 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Limitations of Use Pediatric patients 12 years and younger experienced higher plasma exposure than patients 13 years and older at the same dose, and experienced higher rates of adverse reactions, mainly insomnia and decreased appetite [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in patients 13 years and older. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use : Pediatric patients 12 years and younger experienced higher plasma exposure than patients 13 years and older at the same dose and experienced higher rates of adverse reactions, mainly insomnia and decreased appetite. ( 8.4 )

Как это работает

12.1 Mechanism of Action Amphetamines are non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amines with CNS stimulant activity. The exact mode of therapeutic action in ADHD is not known.

Дозировка и Способ Применения

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules should be administered once daily upon awakening. Recommended Starting Dose Titration Schedule Maximum Daily Dose Adults 12.5 mg 12.5 mg weekly 50 mg Pediatrics (13 to 17) 12.5 mg 12.5 mg weekly 25 mg In adult patients with severe renal impairment the maximum dose should not exceed 25 mg daily. Use in adult patients with ESRD is not recommended. ( 2.6 , 8.6 ) The maximum dose in pediatric patients with severe renal impairment is 12.5 mg daily. Use in pediatric patients with ESRD is not recommended. ( 2.6 , 8.6 ) Patients are advised to take consistently either with or without food. ( 2.2) Administer upon awakening because the effects may last up to 16 hours and there is the potential for insomnia. ( 2.2 ) Prior to treatment, assess for presence of cardiac disease. ( 2.1 ) To avoid substitution errors and overdosage, do not substitute for other amphetamine products on a milligram-per-milligram basis because of different amphetamine base compositions and differing pharmacokinetic profiles. ( 2.7 ) 2.1 Pretreatment Screening Prior to treating patients with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, assess: for the presence of cardiac disease (i.e., perform a careful history, family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia, and physical exam) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] the family history and clinically evaluate patients for motor or verbal tics or Tourette’s syndrome before initiating dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] 2.2 General Administration Information Because the effects of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules may last up to 16 hours and there is potential for insomnia, administer once daily in the morning upon awakening. In the event of a missed dose, do not administer later in the day. Do not administer additional medication to make up for the missed dose [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) , Clinical Studies (14) ]. 2.3 Administration Instructions Administer dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules orally with or without food. Advise patients to take dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules consistently either with food or without food [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules may be administered in one of the following ways: Swallow dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules whole, or Open capsule and sprinkle the entire contents over a spoonful of applesauce. The sprinkled applesauce should be consumed immediately; it should not be stored. Patients should take the sprinkled applesauce in its entirety without chewing. The dose of a single capsule should not be divided. 2.4 Recommended Dosage Adult (18 to 55 years) The recommended starting dose of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules is 12.5 mg once daily in the morning upon awakening. Initial doses of 25 mg once daily may be considered for some patients. Dosage may be adjusted in increments of 12.5 mg no sooner than weekly, up to a maximum dose of 50 mg once daily, based on the therapeutic needs and response of the patient. Doses above 50 mg daily have shown no additional clinically meaningful benefit. Pediatric Patients (13 to 17 years) The recommended starting dose is 12.5 mg once daily in the morning upon awakening. Dosage may be adjusted in increments of 12.5 mg no sooner than weekly, up to a recommended maximum dose of 25 mg once daily. The dose should be individualized according to the needs and response of the patient. Doses higher than 25 mg have not been evaluated in clinical trials in pediatric patients. 2.5 Dosage Modifications due to Drug Interactions Agents that alter gastrointestinal and urinary pH can impact urinary excretion and alter blood levels of amphetamine. Acidifying agents (e.g., ascorbic acid) decrease blood levels, while alkalinizing agents (e.g., sodium bicarbonate) increase blood levels. Adjust dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules dosage accordingly [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. 2.6 Dosage in Patients with Renal Impairment In adult patients with severe renal impairment (GFR between 15 to < 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ), the recommended starting dose of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules is 12.5 mg daily with a maximum recommended dose of 25 mg daily. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules is not recommended for use in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD < 15 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ). In pediatric patients (13 to 17 years) with severe renal impairment, the maximum dose is 12.5 mg, if tolerated [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.6), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . 2.7 Switching from other Amphetamine Products For patients switching from another medication or any other amphetamine products, discontinue that treatment, and titrate with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules using the titration schedule [ see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] . Do not substitute for other amphetamine products on a milligram-per-milligram basis because of different amphetamine base compositions and differing pharmacokinetic profiles [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) , Description (11), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] .

Side Effects Overview

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling: Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction [ see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.2 , 9.3) ] Hypersensitivity to amphetamine products or other ingredients of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules [ see Contraindications (4) ] Hypertensive Crisis When Used Concomitantly with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors [see Contraindications (4) and Drug Interactions (7.1) ] Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Psychiatric Adverse Reactions [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Peripheral Vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Seizures [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Serotonin Syndrome [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Most common adverse reactions in patients with ADHD (incidence ≥5% and at a rate at least twice placebo) are: Pediatrics (13 years and older): insomnia, decreased appetite, decreased weight, irritability, and nausea. (6.1) Adults: insomnia, decreased appetite, decreased weight, dry mouth, increased heart rate, and anxiety. (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. at 1-800-406-7984 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or http://www.fda.gov/medwatch 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules were studied in adults (18 to 55 years) and pediatric patients (13 to 17 years) who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4 th or 5 th editions (DSM-IV-TR ® or DSM-5) criteria for ADHD. The safety data for adults were pooled from three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in doses of 12.5 mg to 75 mg per day (1.5 times the maximum recommended dosage). Doses higher than 50 mg per day did not demonstrate additional clinical benefit and are not recommended. The safety data for pediatric patients (13 to 17 years) is from 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of doses of 12.5 mg to 25 mg. The total exposure in patients treated with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules totalled 704; this included pediatric patients, 78 adolescent patients and 626 adult patients from multiple well-controlled trials. The duration of use ranged from 4 to 7 weeks [ see Clinical Studies (14) ]. Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation of Treatment In pooled controlled trials of adult patients, 9% (54/626) of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients discontinued due to adverse reactions compared to 2% (7/328) of placebo-treated patients. The most frequent adverse reactions leading to discontinuation (i.e. leading to discontinuation in at least 1% of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients and at a rate at least twice that of placebo) were insomnia (2%, n=15), blood pressure increased (2%, n=10), decreased appetite (1%, n=5), and headache (1%, n= 4). In a controlled trial including adolescent patients (13 to 17 years), 5% (4/78) of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients discontinued due to adverse reactions compared to 0% (0/79) of placebo-treated patients. The most frequent adverse reaction leading to discontinuation (i.e. leading to discontinuation in at least 1% of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients and at a rate at least twice that of placebo) were dizziness (1%, n=1), depression (1%, n=1), abdominal pain upper (1%, n=1), and viral infection (1%, n=1). Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of ≥2% and at Least Twice Placebo Among Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules-Treated Adults in Clinical Trials The most common adverse reactions reported in adults were insomnia, decreased appetite, dry mouth, decreased weight, heart rate increased, and anxiety. Table 1 lists the adverse reactions that occurred ≥2% compared to placebo. The most common adverse reaction (insomnia) generally occurred early during treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Table 1 Adverse Reactions Reported by 2% or More of Adults Taking Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules and at least Twice the Incidence in Patients Taking Placebo in 3 Clinical Trials (4, 6, and 7-Weeks) Body System Adverse Reaction Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules* (N= 626) Placebo (N= 328) Nervous System Anxiety 7% 3% Feeling Jittery 2% 1% Agitation 2% 0% Bruxism 2% 0% Psychiatric disorders Insomnia 31% 8% Depression 3% 0% Metabolism and nutritional disorders Decreased Appetite 30% 4% Weight Decreased 9% 0% Gastrointestinal System Dry Mouth 23% 4% Diarrhea 3% 1% Cardiovascular System Heart Rate Increased 9% 0% Palpitations 4% 2% Genitourinary System Dysmenorrhea 1 4% 2% Erectile Dysfunction 2 2% 1% *Includes doses up to 75 mg (1.5 times the maximum recommended dosage). 1 Dysmenorrhea was observed in 11 females 2 Erectile dysfunction was observed in 6 males Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of 2% or more and at Least Twice Placebo Among Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules-Treated Adolescents (13 to 17 years) in a 4-week Clinical Trial The most common adverse reactions reported in adolescents were decreased appetite, nausea, insomnia, abdominal pain upper, irritability, and weight decreased. Table 2 lists the adverse reactions that occurred ≥2% compared to placebo. Table 2 Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥2% or More of Adolescents Taking Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules and at least Twice the Incidence in Patients Taking Placebo in a 4-Week Clinical Trial Body System Adverse Reaction Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules (N= 78) Placebo (N= 79) Nervous System Dizziness 4% 0% Metabolism and nutrition disorders Decreased appetite 22% 6% Weight decreased 5% 1% Psychiatric disorders Irritability 6% 3% Insomnia* 8% 3% Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea 8% 4% Abdominal pain upper 4% 1% *Insomnia includes terms: initial insomnia, middle insomnia, terminal insomnia and insomnia. 6.2 Adverse Reactions Associated with the Use of Amphetamines The following adverse reactions have been associated with the use of amphetamines. The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of amphetamines. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Cardiovascular : Dyspnea, sudden death. There have been isolated reports of cardiomyopathy associated with chronic amphetamine use. Central Nervous System : Psychotic episodes at recommended doses, overstimulation, restlessness, euphoria, dyskinesia, dysphoria, headache, tics, fatigue, aggression, anger, logorrhea, dermatillomania, and paresthesia (including formication), motor and verbal tics. Eye Disorders: Mydriasis. Gastrointestinal : Unpleasant taste, constipation, intestinal ischemia. Allergic : Urticaria, rash, hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema and anaphylaxis. Serious skin rashes, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported. Endocrine : Impotence, changes in libido, frequent or prolonged erections. Skin : Alopecia. Vascular Disorders : Raynaud’s phenomenon. Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders : Rhabdomyolysis.

Предупреждения и Меры Предосторожности

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease: Avoid use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious cardiac arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, or other serious cardiac disease. ( 5.2 ) Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate: Monitor blood pressure and pulse. ( 5.3 ) Psychiatric Adverse Reactions: Prior to initiating dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, screen patients for risk factors for developing a manic episode. If new psychotic or manic symptoms occur, consider discontinuing dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. ( 5.4 ) Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients: Closely monitor growth (height and weight) in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients not growing or gaining height or weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted. ( 5.5 ) Peripheral Vasculopathy, Including Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules treatment. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for patients who develop signs or symptoms of peripheral vasculopathy. ( 5.6 ) Seizures : May lower the convulsive threshold. If a seizure occurs, discontinue dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. ( 5.7 ) Serotonin Syndrome: Increased risk when coadministered with serotonergic agents (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans), but also during overdosage situations. If it occurs, discontinue dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and initiate supportive treatment. ( 5.8 ) Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome: Before initiating dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, assess the family history and clinically evaluate patients for tics or Tourette’s syndrome. Regularly monitor patients for the emergence or worsening of tics or Tourette’s syndrome. Discontinue treatment if clinically appropriate. ( 5.10 ) 5.1 Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules has a high potential for abuse and misuse. The use of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules exposes individuals to the risks of abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit channels or distribution [see Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.2) ] . Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, can result in overdose and death [see Overdosage (10) ] , and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection. Before prescribing dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. Educate patients and their families about these risks and proper disposal of any unused drug. Advise patients to store dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in a safe place, preferably locked, and instruct patients to not give dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules to anyone else. Throughout dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules treatment, reassess each patient’s risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction and frequently monitor for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction. 5.2 Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease Sudden death has been reported in patients with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious cardiac disease who were treated with CNS stimulants at the recommended ADHD dosage. Avoid dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious cardiac arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, or other serious cardiac disease 5.3 Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate CNS stimulants cause an increase in blood pressure (mean increase about 2 to 4 mmHg) and heart rate (mean increase about 3 to 6 bpm). Some patients may have larger increases. Monitor all dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients for potential tachycardia and hypertension [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. 5.4 Psychiatric Adverse Reactions Exacerbation of Pre-Existing Psychosis CNS stimulants may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder in patients with a pre-existing psychotic disorder. Induction of a Manic Episode in Patients with Bipolar Disorder CNS stimulants may induce a manic or mixed episode in patients with bipolar disorder. Prior to initiating dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules treatment, screen patients for risk factors for developing a manic episode (e.g., comorbid or history of depressive symptoms or a family history of suicide, bipolar disorder, and depression). New Psychotic or Manic Symptoms CNS stimulants, at the recommended dosage, may cause psychotic or manic symptoms, e.g., hallucinations, delusional thinking, or mania in patients without a prior history of psychotic illness or mania. In a pooled analysis of multiple short-term, placebo-controlled studies of CNS stimulants, psychotic or manic symptoms occurred in approximately 0.1% of CNS stimulant-treated patients compared to 0% of placebo-treated patients. If such symptoms occur, consider discontinuing dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. 5.5 Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients CNS stimulants have been associated with weight loss and slowing of growth rate in pediatric patients. In a 4 week, placebo-controlled trial of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in patients ages 6 to 17 years old with ADHD, there was a decrease in weight in the dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules groups compared to weight gain in the placebo group [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. Closely monitor growth (weight and height) in dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated pediatric patients. Pediatric patients who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are not approved for use in pediatric patients 12 years and younger [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ]. 5.6 Peripheral Vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s Phenomenon CNS stimulants, including dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, used to treat ADHD are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon. Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild; however, sequelae have included digital ulceration and/or soft tissue breakdown. Effects of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon, were observed in post-marketing reports and at the therapeutic dosage of CNS stimulants in all age groups throughout the course of treatment. Signs and symptoms generally improved after dosage reduction or discontinuation of the CNS stimulant. Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules treatment. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients who develop signs or symptoms of peripheral vasculopathy. 5.7 Seizures Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules may lower the convulsive threshold in patients with prior history of seizure, in patients with prior EEG abnormalities in the absence of seizures, and in patients without a history of seizures and no prior EEG evidence of seizures. In the presence of seizures, dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules should be discontinued. 5.8 Serotonin Syndrome Serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening reaction, may occur when amphetamines are used in combination with other drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter systems such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, and St. John’s Wort [ see Drug Interactions (7.1) ]. The co-administration with cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) inhibitors may also increase the risk with increased exposure to dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. In these situations, consider an alternative non-serotonergic drug or an alternative drug that does not inhibit CYP2D6 [ see Drug Interactions (7.1) ]. Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination), seizures, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Concomitant use of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules with MAOI drugs is contraindicated [ see Contraindications (4) ] . Discontinue treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and any concomitant serotonergic agents immediately if the above symptoms occur, and initiate supportive symptomatic treatment. If concomitant use of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules with other serotonergic drugs or CYP2D6 inhibitors is clinically warranted, initiate dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules with lower doses, monitor patients for the emergence of serotonin syndrome during drug initiation or titration, and inform patients of the increased risk for serotonin syndrome. 5.9 Potential for Overdose Due to Medication Errors Medication errors, including substitution and dispensing errors, between dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and other amphetamine products could occur, leading to possible overdosage. To avoid substitution errors and overdosage, do not substitute for other amphetamine products on a milligram-per-milligram basis because of different amphetamine base compositions and differing pharmacokinetic profiles [ see Dosage and Administration (2.7) and Overdosage (10) ] . 5.10 Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome CNS stimulants, including amphetamine, have been associated with the onset or exacerbation of motor and verbal tics. Worsening of Tourette’s syndrome has also been reported [see Adverse Reactions (6.2) ]. Before initiating dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, assess the family history and clinically evaluate patients for tics or Tourette’s syndrome. Regularly monitor dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients for the emergence or worsening of tics or Tourette’s syndrome, and discontinue treatment if clinically appropriate.

Противопоказания

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are contraindicated in patients with: Known hypersensitivity to amphetamine, or other components of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Hypersensitivity reactions such as angioedema and anaphylactic reactions have been reported in patients treated with other amphetamine products [ see Adverse Reactions (6.2) ] . Concomitant treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and also within 14 days following discontinuation of treatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, because of an increased risk of hypertensive crisis [ see Drug Interactions (7.1) ]. Known hypersensitivity to amphetamine products or other ingredients in dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. ( 4 ) Use with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, or within 14 days of the last MAO inhibitor dose. ( 4 , 7.1 )

Фармакокинетика

12.3 Pharmacokinetics Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules contain d- amphetamine and l- amphetamine salts in the ratio of 3:1. Pharmacokinetic studies of d- and l- amphetamine after oral administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules have been conducted in healthy adults (19 to 52 years) and pediatric patients (6 to 17 years) with ADHD. Following administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, the peak plasma concentrations occurred in about 7 to 10 hours in pediatric patients and about 8 hours in adults for both d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine. The mean plasma elimination half-life for d- amphetamine ranges from about 10 to 11 hours and l-amphetamine from 10 to 13 hours in both pediatric and adult patients. Absorption Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules exhibit linear dose proportionality over the range of 12.5 to 50 mg. Steady-state is achieved between Days 7 and 8 of dosing with mean accumulation ratio of 1.6. A single dose of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules 37.5 mg capsules provided comparable plasma concentration profiles of both d- and l- amphetamine to mixed amphetamine salts extended release (MAS-ER) 25 mg followed by 12.5 mg immediate release amphetamine administered 8 hours later (Figure 1). Figure 1 Mean Plasma Concentrations of d- and l-amphetamine Following Oral Administration of Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules 37.5 mg vs MAS-ER 25 mg Followed by Immediate-Release MAS-IR 12.5 mg 8 Hours Later in Adults Effect of Food High fat meal does not affect the extent of absorption of d- and l- amphetamine when taken with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Tmax is prolonged by 5 hours (from 7.0 hours at fasted state to 12.0 hours after a high-fat meal) for d -amphetamine and 4.5 hours (from 7.5 hours at fasted state to 12 hours after a high-fat meal) for l- amphetamine after administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules 50 mg with high fat meal. Opening the capsule and sprinkling the contents on applesauce results in comparable absorption and exposure to the intact capsule taken in the fasted state [ see Dosage and Administration (2.3) ] Effect of Alcohol The in vitro testing showed increases in amphetamine release rate from dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in the presence of 20% and, more noticeably, 40% alcohol. There is no in vivo study conducted for the effect of alcohol on drug exposure. Elimination Metabolism Amphetamine is reported to be oxidized at the 4 position of the benzene ring to form 4-hydroxyamphetamine, or on the side chain α or β carbons to form alpha-hydroxy-amphetamine or norephedrine, respectively. Norephedrine and 4-hydroxy- amphetamine are both active and each is subsequently oxidized to form 4-hydroxy-norephedrine. Alpha-hydroxy- amphetamine undergoes deamination to form phenylacetone, which ultimately forms benzoic acid and its glucuronide and the glycine conjugate hippuric acid. Although the enzymes involved in amphetamine metabolism have not yet been clearly defined, CYP2D6 is known to be involved with formation of 4-hydroxy-aphetamine. Since CYP2D6 is genetically polymorphic, population variations in amphetamine metabolism are a possibility. Amphetamine is known to inhibit monoamine oxidase. Amphetamines are not an in vitro inhibitor of the major human CYP450 isoforms (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4), nor was it an in vitro inducer of CYP1A2, CYP2B6 or CYP3A4/5. Amphetamines are not an in vitro substrate for P-gp. Excretion The renal excretion is the primary route for elimination of d - and l -amphetamine and its metabolites after administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. At normal urine pHs, approximately half of an administered dose of amphetamine is recoverable in urine as derivatives of alpha-hydroxy-amphetamine and approximately another 30% to 40% of the dose is recoverable in urine as amphetamine itself. Urinary recovery of amphetamine is highly dependent on pH and urine flow rates. Alkaline urine pHs result in less ionization and reduced renal elimination, and acidic pHs and high flow rates result in increased renal elimination. Urinary recovery of amphetamine has been reported to range from 1% to 75%, and the fraction of a dose hepatically metabolized is dependent on urine pH. Consequently, both hepatic and renal dysfunctions have the potential to alter the elimination of amphetamine and could result in prolonged exposures [ see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Specific Populations Age Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of d - and l -amphetamine after oral administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in pediatric patients with ADHD 13 to 17 years old and healthy adult subjects (19 to 52 years) indicates that body weight is the primary determinant of apparent differences in the pharmacokinetics of d- and l- amphetamine across the age range. PK data from patients age 13 to 17 years (n=14) who received a single 25 mg dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules was scaled (based on PK proportionality) and compared with PK data from adult patients 19 to 51 years (n =20) who received 37.5 mg. Based on dose proportionality, a single dose dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsule administered to pediatric patients age 13 to 17 years (n=14) would produce about 21 to 31% higher Cmax for d- and l -amphetamine and 21-31% higher AUC for d- and l-amphetamine, compared to the same dose of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsule administered to adults (age 19 to 51 years). Male and Female Patients In pharmacokinetic studies, systemic exposure to d- and l- amphetamine was similar in women (N=41) and in men (N=61). Racial Groups Formal pharmacokinetic studies for race have not been conducted. However, amphetamine pharmacokinetics appeared to be comparable among Whites (N=41), Blacks (N=27), and Hispanics (N=34). Patients with Renal impairment The effect of renal impairment on d - and l -amphetamine after administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules has not been studied. In a pharmacokinetic study of lisdexamfetamine in adult subjects with normal and impaired renal function mean d- amphetamine clearance was reduced from 0.7 L/hr/kg in normal subjects to 0.4 L/hr/kg in subjects with severe renal impairment (GFR 15 to < 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) patients. Dialysis did not significantly affect the clearance of d -amphetamine. The impact of renal impairment on the disposition of amphetamine would be expected to be similar between oral administration of lisdexamfetamine and dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ] . figure 1

Frequently Asked Questions

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in patients 13 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Limitations of Use Pediatric patients 12 years and younger experienced higher plasma exposure than patients 13 years and older at the same dose, and experienced higher rates of adverse reactions, mainly insomnia and decreased appetite [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine …

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules should be administered once daily upon awakening. Recommended Starting Dose Titration Schedule Maximum Daily Dose Adults 12.5 mg 12.5 mg weekly 50 mg Pediatrics (13 to 17) 12.5 mg 12.5 mg weekly 25 mg In adult patients with severe renal impairment the maximum dose should not exceed 25 mg daily. Use in adult patients with ESRD is not recommended. ( 2.6 , 8.6 ) The …

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease: Avoid use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious cardiac arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, or other serious cardiac disease. ( 5.2 ) Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate: Monitor blood pressure and pulse. ( 5.3 ) Psychiatric Adverse Reactions: Prior to initiating dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, screen patients for risk factors for developing a manic episode. If new psychotic or …

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are contraindicated in patients with: Known hypersensitivity to amphetamine, or other components of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Hypersensitivity reactions such as angioedema and anaphylactic reactions have been reported in patients treated with other amphetamine products [ see Adverse Reactions (6.2) ] . Concomitant treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and also within 14 days following discontinuation of treatment with a …

Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate is a prescription medication. You will need a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider.

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References & Data Sources

• DailyMed — Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate drug label (National Library of Medicine)
• openFDA — Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate label data (U.S. Food & Drug Administration)
• RxNorm — RXCUI 1927610 (NLM Normalized Drug Names)
• NDC Directory — Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Amphetamine Sulfate (FDA National Drug Code)

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Источники данных: DailyMed (NLM), openFDA, MFDS