Budesonide

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) are a corticosteroid indicated for: Treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon, in patients 8 years and older. ( 1.1 ) Maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon for up to 3 months in adults. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn's Disease Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) are indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon in patients 8 years of age and older. 1.2 Maintenance of Clinical Remission of Mild to Moderate Crohn's Disease Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) are indicated for the maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon for up to 3 months in adults.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Administration Instructions ( 2.1 ): Take once daily in the morning. Swallow whole. Do not chew or crush. Avoid consumption of grapefruit juice for the duration of therapy. Recommended Dosage: Mild to moderate active Crohn's disease ( 2.2 ): Adults: 9 mg once daily for up to 8 weeks; repeat 8 week treatment courses for recurring episodes of active disease. Pediatrics: 8 to 17 years who weigh more than 25 kg: 9 mg once daily for up to 8 weeks, followed by 6 mg once daily in the morning for 2 weeks. Maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease ( 2.3 ): Adults: 6 mg once daily for up to 3 months; taper to complete cessation after 3 months. Continued treatment for more than 3 months has not been shown to provide substantial clinical benefit. When switching from oral prednisolone, begin tapering prednisolone concomitantly with initiating budesonide capsules (enteric coated). Hepatic Impairment: Consider reducing the dosage to 3 mg once daily in adult patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B). ( 2.4 , 5.1 , 8.6 ) 2.1 Administration Instructions Take budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily in the morning. Swallow budesonide extended-release capsules (enteric coated) whole. Do not chew or crush. Avoid consumption of grapefruit juice for the duration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) therapy [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ]. 2.2 Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn's Disease The recommended dosage of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) is: Adults: 9 mg orally once daily for up to 8 weeks. Repeated 8 week courses of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) can be given for recurring episodes of active disease. Pediatric patients 8 to 17 years who weigh more than 25 kg : 9 mg orally once daily for up to 8 weeks, followed by 6 mg once daily for 2 weeks. 2.3 Maintenance of Clinical Remission of Mild to Moderate Crohn's Disease The recommended dosage in adults, following an 8 week course(s) of treatment for active disease and once the patient's symptoms are controlled (CDAI less than 150), is budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg orally once daily for maintenance of clinical remission up to 3 months. If symptom control is still maintained at 3 months an attempt to taper to complete cessation is recommended. Continued treatment with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg for more than 3 months has not been shown to provide substantial clinical benefit. Patients with mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or ascending colon have been switched from oral prednisolone to budesonide capsules (enteric coated) with no reported episodes of adrenal insufficiency. Since prednisolone should not be stopped abruptly, tapering should begin concomitantly with initiating budesonide capsules (enteric coated) treatment. 2.4 Dosage Adjustment in Adult Patients with Hepatic Impairment Consider reducing the dosage of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) to 3 mg once daily for adult patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B). Avoid use in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ].

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in labeling: Hypercorticism and adrenal axis suppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Symptoms of steroid withdrawal in those patients transferred from other systemic corticosteroids [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Increased risk of infection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Other corticosteroid effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Most common adverse reactions (≥5%) in adults are: headache, respiratory infection, nausea, back pain, dyspepsia, dizziness, abdominal pain, flatulence, vomiting, fatigue, pain. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Mayne Pharma at 1-844-825-8500 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adults The data described below reflect exposure to budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in 520 patients with Crohn's disease, including 520 exposed to 9 mg per day (total daily dose) for 8 weeks and 145 exposed to 6 mg per day for one year in placebo controlled clinical trials. Of the 520 patients, 38% were males and the age range was 17 to 74 years. Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn's Disease The safety of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) was evaluated in 651 adult patients in five clinical trials of 8 weeks duration in patients with active mild to moderate Crohn's disease. The most common adverse reactions, occurring in greater than or equal to 5% of the patients, are listed in Table 1. Table 1: Common Adverse Reactions Occurring in greater than or equal to 5% of the patients in any treated group. in 8-Week Treatment Clinical Trials Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) Prednisolone Prednisolone tapering scheme: either 40 mg in week 1 to 2, thereafter tapering with 5 mg per week; or 40 mg in week 1 to 2, 30 mg in week 3 to 4, thereafter tapering with 5 mg per week. Adverse Reaction 9 mg n=520 Number (%) Placebo n=107 Number (%) 40 mg n=145 Number (%) Comparator This drug is not approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease in the United States. n=88 Number (%) Headache 107 (21) 19 (18) 31 (21) 11 (13) Respiratory Infection 55 (11) 7 (7) 20 (14) 5 (6) Nausea 57 (11) 10 (9) 18 (12) 7 (8) Back Pain 36 (7) 10 (9) 17 (12) 5 (6) Dyspepsia 31 (6) 4 (4) 17 (12) 3 (3) Dizziness 38 (7) 5 (5) 18 (12) 5 (6) Abdominal Pain 32 (6) 18 (17) 6 (4) 10 (11) Flatulence 30 (6) 6 (6) 12 (8) 5 (6) Vomiting 29 (6) 6 (6) 6 (4) 6 (7) Fatigue 25 (5) 8 (7) 11 (8) 0 (0) Pain 24 (5) 8 (7) 17 (12) 2 (2) The incidence of signs and symptoms of hypercorticism reported by active questioning of patients in 4 of the 5 short-term clinical trials are displayed in Table 2. Table 2: Summary and Incidence of Signs/Symptoms of Hypercorticism in 8-Week Treatment Clinical Trials Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) Prednisolone Prednisolone tapering scheme: either 40 mg in week 1-2, thereafter tapering with 5 mg/week; or 40 mg in week 1 to 2, 30 mg in week 3 to 4, thereafter tapering with 5 mg/week. Signs/Symptom 9 mg n=427 Number (%) Placebo n=107 Number (%) 40 mg n=145 Number (%) Total 145 (34%) 29 (27%) 69 (48%) Acne 63 (15) 14 (13) 33 (23) Statistically significantly different from budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg. Bruising Easily 63 (15) 12 (11) 13 (9) Moon Face 46 (11) 4 (4) 53 (37) Swollen Ankles 32 (7) 6 (6) 13 (9) Hirsutism including hair growth increased, local and hair growth increased, general. 22 (5) 2 (2) 5 (3) Buffalo Hump 6 (1) 2 (2) 5 (3) Skin Striae 4 (1) 2 (2) 0 (0) Maintenance of Clinical Remission of Mild to Moderate Crohn's Disease The safety of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) was evaluated in 233 adult patients in four long-term clinical trials (52 weeks) of maintenance of clinical remission in patients with mild to moderate Crohn's disease. A total of 145 patients were treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg once daily. The adverse reaction profile of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg once daily in maintenance of Crohn's disease was similar to that of short-term treatment with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily in active Crohn's disease. In the long-term clinical trials, the following adverse reactions occurred in greater than or equal to 5% and are not listed in Table 1: diarrhea (10%); sinusitis (8%); infection viral (6%); and arthralgia (5%). Signs/symptoms of hypercorticism reported by active questioning of patients in the long-term maintenance clinical trials are displayed in Table 3. Table 3: Summary and Incidence of Signs/Symptoms of Hypercorticism in Long-Term Clinical Trials Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) Signs/Symptom 3 mg n=88 Number (%) 6 mg n=145 Number (%) Placebo n=143 Number (%) Bruising Easily 4 (5) 15 (10) 5 (4) Acne 4 (5) 14 (10) 3 (2) Moon Face 3 (3) 6 (4) 0 Hirsutism 2 (2) 5 (3) 1 (1) Swollen Ankles 2 (2) 3 (2) 3 (2) Buffalo Hump 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 Skin Striae 2 (2) 0 0 The incidence of signs/symptoms of hypercorticism as described above in long-term maintenance clinical trials was similar to that seen in the short-term treatment clinical trials. Less Common Adverse Reactions in Treatment and Maintenance Clinical Trials Less common adverse reactions (less than 5%), occurring in adult patients treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg (total daily dose) in short-term treatment clinical studies and/or budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg (total daily dose) in long-term maintenance clinical trials, with an incidence are listed below by system organ class: Cardiac disorders: palpitation, tachycardia Eye disorders: eye abnormality, vision abnormal General disorders and administration site conditions: asthenia, chest pain, dependent edema, face edema, flu-like disorder, malaise, fever Gastrointestinal disorders: anus disorder, enteritis, epigastric pain, gastrointestinal fistula, glossitis, hemorrhoids, intestinal obstruction, tongue edema, tooth disorder Infections and infestations: Ear infection-not otherwise specified, bronchitis, abscess, rhinitis, urinary tract infection, thrush Investigations: weight increased Metabolism and nutrition disorders: appetite increased Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: arthritis, cramps, myalgia Nervous system disorders: hyperkinesia, paresthesia, tremor, vertigo, dizziness, somnolence, amnesia Psychiatric disorders: agitation, confusion, insomnia, nervousness, sleep disorder Renal and urinary disorders: dysuria, micturition frequency, nocturia Reproductive system and breast disorders: intermenstrual bleeding, menstrual disorder Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: dyspnea, pharynx disorder Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: alopecia, dermatitis, eczema, skin disorder, sweating increased, purpura Vascular disorders: flushing, hypertension Bone Mineral Density A randomized, open, parallel-group multicenter safety clinical trial specifically compared the effect of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (less than 9 mg per day) and prednisolone (less than 40 mg per day) on bone mineral density over 2 years when used at doses adjusted to disease severity. Bone mineral density decreased significantly less with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) than with prednisolone in steroid-naïve patients, whereas no difference could be detected between treatment groups for steroid-dependent patients and previous steroid users. The incidence of symptoms associated with hypercorticism was significantly higher with prednisolone treatment. Clinical Laboratory Test Findings The following potentially clinically significant laboratory changes in clinical trials, irrespective of relationship to budesonide capsules (enteric coated), were reported in greater than or equal to 1% of patients: hypokalemia, leukocytosis, anemia, hematuria, pyuria, erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased, alkaline phosphatase increased, atypical neutrophils, c-reactive protein increased and adrenal insufficiency. Pediatrics – Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn's Disease Adverse reactions reported in pediatric patients 8 to 17 years of age, who weigh more than 25 kg, were similar to those reactions described above in adult patients. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been reported during post-approval use of budesonide capsules (enteric coated). Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Immune System Disorders: Anaphylactic reactions Nervous System Disorders: Benign intracranial hypertension Psychiatric Disorders: Mood swings

12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Following administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated), the time to peak concentration varied in individual patients between 30 and 600 minutes. Mean oral bioavailability of budesonide ranged from 9% to 21% both in patients and in healthy subjects, demonstrating a high first-pass elimination of the drug. Budesonide pharmacokinetics were dose-proportional following repeated administration in the dose range of 3 to 15 mg. No accumulation of budesonide was observed following repeated dosing. Following oral administration of 9 mg of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) for five days in healthy subjects, the mean peak plasma concentration and the steady state area under the plasma concentration time curve for budesonide were 5.3 ± 1.8 nmol/L and 37.0 ± 14.6 nmol∙hr/L, respectively. Following administration of 9 mg of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily in patients with active Crohn's disease, the mean peak plasma concentration and AUC were 4.0 ± 2.1 nmol/L and 35.0 ± 19.8 nmol∙hr/L, respectively. Concomitant administration of a high-fat meal delayed the time to the peak concentration of budesonide from budesonide capsules (enteric coated) by 2.3 hours but did not significantly affect the AUC in healthy subjects. Distribution The mean volume of distribution (V ss ) of budesonide varied between 2.2 and 3.9 L/kg in healthy subjects and in patients. Plasma protein binding is estimated to be 85% to 90% in the concentration range 1 to 230 nmol/L, independent of gender. The erythrocyte/plasma partition ratio at clinically relevant concentrations was about 0.8. Elimination Budesonide had a plasma clearance, 0.9 to 1.8 L/min in healthy adults. Mean plasma clearance after intravenous administration of budesonide in patients with Crohn's disease was 1.0 L/min. These plasma clearance values approached the estimated liver blood flow, and, accordingly, suggest that budesonide is a high hepatic clearance drug. The plasma elimination half-life, after administration of intravenous doses ranged between 2 and 3.6 hours, and did not differ between healthy adults and patients with Crohn's disease. Metabolism Following absorption, budesonide is subject to high first pass metabolism (80% to 90%). In vitro experiments in human liver microsomes demonstrate that budesonide is rapidly and extensively biotransformed, mainly by CYP3A4, to its 2 major metabolites, 6β-hydroxy budesonide and 16α-hydroxy prednisolone. The corticosteroid activity of these metabolites was negligible (less than 1/100) in relation to that of the parent compound. In vivo investigations with intravenous doses in healthy subjects were in agreement with the in vitro findings. Excretion Budesonide was excreted in urine and feces in the form of metabolites. After oral as well as intravenous administration of micronized [ 3 H]-budesonide, approximately 60% of the recovered radioactivity was found in urine. The major metabolites, including 6β-hydroxy budesonide and 16α-hydroxy prednisolone, are mainly renally excreted, intact or in conjugated forms. No unchanged budesonide is detected in urine. Specific Populations Age: Pediatric Population (8 years and older) The pharmacokinetics of budesonide were investigated in pediatric patients aged 9 to 14 years (n=8) after oral administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and intravenous administration of budesonide. Following administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily for 7 days, the median time to peak plasma concentration of budesonide was 5 hours and the mean peak plasma concentration was 6.0 ± 3.5 nmol/L. The mean AUC was 41.3 ± 12.2 nmol∙h/L and 17% higher than that in adult patients with Crohn's disease in the same study. The mean absolute oral availability was 9.2% (3 to 17%; n=4) in pediatric patients. After single dose administration of intravenous budesonide (n=4), the mean volume of distribution (V ss ) was 2.2 ± 0.4 L/kg and mean clearance was 0.81 ± 0.2 L/min. The mean elimination half-life was 1.9 hours in pediatric patients. The body-weight normalized clearance in pediatric patients was 20.5 mL/min/kg in comparison to 15.9 mL/min/kg in adult patients after intravenous administration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , Use in Specific Population (8.4) ] . Hepatic Impairment In patients with mild (Child-Pugh Class A, n=4) or moderate (Child-Pugh Class B, n=4) hepatic impairment, budesonide 4 mg was administered orally as a single dose. The patients with moderate hepatic impairment had a 3.5-fold higher AUC compared to the healthy subjects with normal hepatic function while the patients with mild hepatic impairment had an approximately 1.4-fold higher AUC. The C max values demonstrated similar increases [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . The increased systemic exposure in patients with mild hepatic impairment was not considered to be clinically relevant. Patients with severe liver impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) were not studied. Drug Interaction Studies Budesonide is metabolized via CYP3A4. Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 can increase the plasma concentrations of budesonide several-fold. Conversely, induction of CYP3A4 potentially could result in the lowering of budesonide plasma concentrations. Effects of Other Drugs on Budesonide Ketoconazole In an open, non-randomized, cross-over study, 6 healthy subjects were given budesonide 10 mg as a single dose, either alone or concomitantly with the last ketoconazole dose of 3 days treatment with ketoconazole 100 mg twice daily. Coadministration of ketoconazole resulted in an eight-fold increase in AUC of budesonide, compared to budesonide alone [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Grapefruit Juice In an open, randomized, cross-over study, 8 healthy subjects were given budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 3 mg, either alone, or concomitantly with 600 mL concentrated grapefruit juice (which inhibits CYP3A4 activity predominantly in the intestinal mucosa), on the last of 4 daily administrations. Concomitant administration of grapefruit juice resulted in a 2-fold increase of the bioavailability of budesonide compared to budesonide alone [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Oral Contraceptives (CYP3A4 Substrates) In a parallel study, the pharmacokinetics of budesonide were not significantly different between healthy female subjects who received oral contraceptives containing desogestrel 0.15 mg and ethinyl estradiol 30 μg and healthy female subjects who did not receive oral contraceptives. Budesonide 4.5 mg once daily (one-half the recommended dose) for one week did not affect the plasma concentrations of ethinyl estradiol, a CYP3A4 substrate. The effect of budesonide 9 mg once daily on the plasma concentrations of ethinyl estradiol was not studied. Omeprazole In a study in 11 healthy subjects, performed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled manner, the effect of 5 to 6 days treatment with omeprazole 20 mg once daily on the pharmacokinetics of budesonide administered as budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg as a single dose was investigated. Omeprazole 20 mg once daily did not affect the absorption or pharmacokinetics of budesonide. Cimetidine In an open, non-randomized, cross-over study, the potential effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of budesonide was studied. Six healthy subjects received cimetidine 1 gram daily (200 mg with meals and 400 mg at night) for 2 separate 3-day periods. Budesonide 4 mg was administered either alone or on the last day of one of the cimetidine treatment periods. Co-administration of cimetidine resulted in a 52% and 31% increase in the budesonide peak plasma concentration and the AUC of budesonide, respectively.