Paltusotine

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE PALSONIFY is indicated for the treatment of adults with acromegaly who had an inadequate response to surgery and/or for whom surgery is not an option. PALSONIFY is a somatostatin receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of adults with acromegaly who had an inadequate response to surgery and/or for whom surgery is not an option ( 1 ).

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Take orally once daily with water on an empty stomach (at least 6 hours after a meal) and at least 1 hour before the next meal ( 2.1 ). Recommended initial dosage is 40 mg once daily. During initiation, PALSONIFY may be temporarily reduced to 20 mg once daily if needed, based on tolerability. Once adverse reactions have resolved, resume PALSONIFY 40 mg once daily ( 2.2 ). After 2 to 4 weeks, based on IGF-1 levels, titrate to 60 mg once daily ( 2.2 ). 2.1 Important Administration Instructions Take PALSONIFY orally once daily with water on an empty stomach, at least 6 hours after a meal (e.g., after overnight fasting) and at least 1 hour before the next meal [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] . 2.2 Recommended Dosage, Titration, and Monitoring The recommended initial dosage of PALSONIFY is 40 mg once daily. During initiation period, PALSONIFY may be temporarily reduced to 20 mg once daily if needed, based on tolerability [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . Once adverse reactions have resolved, resume PALSONIFY 40 mg once daily. After 2 to 4 weeks on PALSONIFY 40 mg once daily, based on IGF-1 levels, titrate to a PALSONIFY dosage of 60 mg once daily. 2.3 Dosage Modifications for Drug Interactions Concomitant Use with Strong CYP3A4 Inducers Patients taking strong CYP3A4 inducers may require an increased dosage of PALSONIFY. Do not exceed three-fold the PALSONIFY dosage prior to concomitant use or 120 mg daily, whichever is less [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Concomitant Use with Moderate CYP3A4 Inducers Patients taking moderate CYP3A4 inducers may require an increased dosage of PALSONIFY. Do not exceed two-fold the PALSONIFY dosage prior to concomitant use or 120 mg daily, whichever is less [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Concomitant Use with Proton Pump Inhibitors Patients taking proton pump inhibitors may require an increased dosage of PALSONIFY. Avoid concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors in patients who are already on PALSONIFY 60 mg [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] .

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Cholelithiasis and Complications of Cholelithiasis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Cardiovascular Abnormalities [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Thyroid Function Abnormalities [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Steatorrhea and Malabsorption of Dietary Fats [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Changes in Vitamin B 12 Levels [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] Most common adverse reactions (≥5%) are diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, decreased appetite, sinus bradycardia, hyperglycemia, palpitations, and gastroenteritis ( 6.1 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at toll-free phone 1-833-CRN-INFO or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of PALSONIFY was evaluated in adults with acromegaly in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 studies. Study 1 was a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 111 adults who were naive or previously treated on a somatostatin analog and biochemically uncontrolled at randomization. Participants in Study 1 had a mean age of 47 years (range: 18 to 80 years) and were randomized to PALSONIFY (n=54) or placebo (n=57) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . Study 2 was a 36-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 58 adults who were biochemically controlled on injectable depot formulations of octreotide or lanreotide. Participants in Study 2 had a mean age of 55 years (range: 29 to 84 years) and were randomized to PALSONIFY (n=30) or placebo (n=28) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . Adverse Reactions Adverse reactions that occurred in ≥5% of PALSONIFY-treated participants and 5% greater incidence than placebo in the randomized-controlled phase of Study 1 and Study 2 are presented in Table 1 and Table 2 , respectively. Adverse reactions presented in Table 1 and Table 2 exclude events which occurred after a participant received rescue therapy (Study 1 PALSONIFY n=1, placebo n=13; Study 2 PALSONIFY n=1, placebo n=17). Table 1. Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥5% of PALSONIFY-Treated Participants and 5% Greater Incidence than Placebo-Treated Participants During the Randomized Controlled Period of Study 1 a Abdominal pain also includes abdominal discomfort. b Hyperglycemia also includes impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus. Adverse Reaction PALSONIFY N=54 n (%) Placebo N=57 n (%) Diarrhea 18 (33) 8 (14) Abdominal pain a 10 (19) 3 (5) Nausea 5 (9) 1 (2) Sinus bradycardia 4 (7) 0 Hyperglycemia b 4 (7) 1 (2) Table 2. Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥5% of PALSONIFY-Treated Participants and 5% Greater Incidence than Placebo-Treated Participants During the Randomized Controlled Period of Study 2 a Decreased appetite also includes early satiety. Adverse Reaction PALSONIFY N=30 n (%) Placebo N=28 n (%) Diarrhea 7 (23) 3 (11) Nausea 4 (13) 1 (4) Decreased appetite a 3 (10) 0 Palpitations 2 (7) 0 Gastroenteritis 2 (7) 0 Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal adverse reactions, including diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain were reported in participants from Studies 1 and 2 (see Table 1 and Table 2 ). Most gastrointestinal adverse reactions occurred within the first two months of PALSONIFY treatment initiation and had a median duration ranging between 6 to 18 days. Other Adverse Reactions from Studies 1 and 2 Cholelithiasis and its Complications Cholelithiasis and its complications were reported in 10/173 (6%) participants during Studies 1 and 2 as follows: cholelithiasis (n=8), acute cholecystitis, biliary colic, and bile duct stone (one participant each). The majority of the events occurred within the first nine months of treatment. One PALSONIFY-treated participant who experienced obstructive pancreatitis required cholecystectomy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . Glucose Metabolism Hyperglycemia During Study 1, an increase from baseline to Week 24 in mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 6.9 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 0.26% was observed in the PALSONIFY arm, and an increase in mean FPG of 1.5 mg/dL and HbA1c of 0.04% was observed in the placebo arm. Of the 34 PALSONIFY-treated participants who had normal baseline FPG, 25 (74%) developed at least one glucose value ≥100 mg/dL. Of the 31 placebo-treated participants who had a normal baseline FPG, 9 (29%) developed at least one elevated glucose value. All participants in Study 2 were previously treated with other somatostatin analog products known to increase glucose levels. During Study 2, a decrease from baseline to Week 36 in mean FPG of 1.8 mg/dL and HbA1c of 0.05% was observed in the PALSONIFY arm, and a decrease in mean FPG of 11.7 mg/dL and HbA1c of 0.25% was observed in the placebo arm. Of the 5 PALSONIFY-treated participants who had normal baseline FPG, 4 (80%) developed at least one glucose value ≥100 mg/dL. Of the 11 placebo-treated participants who had a normal baseline FPG, 2 (18%) developed at least one elevated glucose value. Hypoglycemia During PALSONIFY clinical development program, 5 participants in the open-label extension phase reported hypoglycemia. Most participants had a history of diabetes at baseline and were treated with antidiabetic medications, such as insulin and sulfonylureas. Cardiac Bradycardia was reported in 4 (7%) participants in the paltusotine arm versus none in placebo in Study 1, and in 1 (3%) participant in the paltusotine arm versus none in placebo in Study 2. Bradycardia was asymptomatic and occurred within the first three months of treatment. During the PALSONIFY clinical development program, 3 PALSONIFY-treated participants with preexisting cardiovascular comorbidities experienced serious cardiac adverse events during the open-label extension phase: sinus arrest (2 participants) and complete atrioventricular block (one participant). Ocular Findings of ocular phototoxicity were observed in a nonclinical study [see Nonclinical Toxicology ( 13.2 )] . Due to these findings, ocular assessments were conducted during the open-label period of Studies 1 and 2. The following retinal observations were noted: drusen; dry age-related macular degeneration, early stage; retinal pigment epithelium changes; epiretinal membrane; diabetic retinopathy; retinoschisis; and hypertensive retinopathy. Baseline assessments were not available for comparison.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics Paltusotine exhibited dose-proportional increases in exposures for doses ranging from 20 mg (lowest approved recommended dosage) to 120 mg (2 times the highest approved recommended dosage) in healthy participants. Apparent dose proportional increase was observed for mean steady-state trough concentrations up to 60 mg once daily in participants with acromegaly. Following once daily administration, paltusotine reaches steady-state exposure within one week. Absorption Following oral administration of paltusotine, the median time to maximum plasma concentration (t max ) is 1 to 4 hours regardless of post dose fasting duration. Effect of Food Relative to administration in the fasted state, administration of paltusotine with a high-fat meal (800 to 1000 calories, 50% to 60% fat) reduced the AUC by 85% and the C max by 81%. Administration of paltusotine with a low-fat meal (400 to 500 calories, 25% fat) reduced AUC by 72% and the C max by 68%. Distribution The volume of distribution (V z ) of paltusotine is 220 L. Paltusotine is highly plasma protein bound (99%). Elimination After maximal concentrations were attained, paltusotine concentration declined with apparent terminal half-life (t ½ ) of 28 hours. Metabolism Paltusotine is metabolized primarily in the liver via glucuronidation and oxidation. In vitro, glucuronidation was the major metabolic pathway and is primarily mediated by UGT1A1 and UGT1A9. Oxidation was a secondary pathway and was primarily catalyzed by CYP3A4/5 with a minor contribution from CYP2D6. Excretion Following oral administration of radiolabeled paltusotine, fecal excretion was the predominant route of elimination with observed mean recovery of total administered radioactivity being 90% in feces and 3.9% in urine. Unchanged paltusotine was a major component in excreta. Specific Populations Effects of Age, Body Weight, Sex, Race , Renal Function , and UGT1A1 Polymorphism Based on population pharmacokinetics data, no clinically significant difference in the pharmacokinetics of paltusotine was observed based on age (18 to 84 years), body weight (45 to 138 kg), sex, race (White, Asian, Other), renal function (52 to 148 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ; eGFR), or UGT1A1 polymorphism. Hepatic Impairment Paltusotine AUC did not change in participants with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A) compared to participants with normal hepatic function. Paltusotine AUC decreased by 25% in moderate (Child-Pugh B) and 10% in severe (Child-Pugh C) hepatic impairment. Drug Interaction Clinical Studies and Model-Informed Approaches Effects of Other Drugs on PALSONIFY Strong CYP3A4 Inducers: Paltusotine C max and AUC decreased by approximately 44% and 70%, respectively, following concomitant administration of carbamazepine (a strong inducer of multiple enzymes and transporters [CYP3A4, UGT1A1, and P-gp]). Moderate CYP3A4 Inducers: Drugs such as efavirenz are predicted to decrease C max and AUC of paltusotine approximately 5% and 30%, respectively. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Paltusotine exhibited pH-dependent aqueous solubility. Paltusotine AUC was decreased by 21% with 20 mg dose and 42% with 60 mg dose levels. Other Drugs: Weak CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4/5, P-gp, or UGT1A1 are predicted to not cause clinically significant changes in paltusotine pharmacokinetics. Effects of PALSONIFY on Other Drugs Cyclosporine: Concomitant use of PALSONIFY decreased cyclosporine C max and AUC in whole blood by 53% and 35%, respectively. Other Drugs: Paltusotine did not show clinically significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of other drugs that were CYP3A4/5 or MATE substrates. Paltusotine is predicted to not cause clinically significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of other drugs that are CYP2D6 or P-gp substrates. In Vitro Studies In vitro studies suggest paltusotine is an inhibitor of CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19 and a weak inhibitor of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, and UGT1A9 but is unlikely to meaningfully inhibit these enzymes at clinically relevant concentrations. Paltusotine does not inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, UGT1A6, or UGT2B15. Paltusotine is not an inducer of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4. Paltusotine is a substrate of P-gp and BCRP transporters. In vitro studies suggest paltusotine is an inhibitor of P-gp, MATE-1, MATE2-K, and BSEP transporters but is unlikely to meaningfully inhibit these transporters at clinically relevant concentrations. Paltusotine does not inhibit OAT1, OAT3, or OCT1.