Pyrimethamine

Prescription

ชื่อทางการค้า: Pyrimethamine

รูปแบบยา

Tablet

เส้นทางการให้ยา

ORAL

ผู้ผลิต

Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

About This Medication

Oral preparation used for symptom management and health support.

ส่วนประกอบออกฤทธิ์

ส่วนประกอบ	ความแรง
Pyrimethamine	-

ข้อบ่งใช้และการใช้งาน

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Treatment of Toxoplasmosis : Pyrimethamine tablets are indicated for the treatment of toxoplasmosis when used conjointly with a sulfonamide, since synergism exists with this combination.

ขนาดยาและวิธีการให้ยา

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION For Treatment of Toxoplasmosis : The dosage of pyrimethamine tablets for the treatment of toxoplasmosis must be carefully adjusted so as to provide maximum therapeutic effect and a minimum of side effects. At the dosage required, there is a marked variation in the tolerance to the drug. Young patients may tolerate higher doses than older individuals. Concurrent administration of folinic acid is strongly recommended in all patients. The adult starting dose is 50 to 75 mg of the drug daily, together with 1 to 4 g daily of a sulfonamide of the sulfapyrimidine type, e.g. sulfadoxine. This dosage is ordinarily continued for 1 to 3 weeks, depending on the response of the patient and tolerance to therapy. The dosage may then be reduced to about one half that previously given for each drug and continued for an additional 4 to 5 weeks. The pediatric dosage of pyrimethamine tablets is 1 mg/kg/day divided into 2 equal daily doses; after 2 to 4 days this dose may be reduced to one half and continued for approximately 1 month. The usual pediatric sulfonamide dosage is used in conjunction with pyrimethamine tablets.

Side Effects Overview

ADVERSE REACTIONS Hypersensitivity reactions, occasionally severe (such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, and anaphylaxis), and hyperphenylalaninemia, can occur particularly when pyrimethamine is administered concomitantly with a sulfonamide. Consult the complete prescribing information for the relevant sulfonamide for sulfonamide-associated adverse events. With doses of pyrimethamine used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis, anorexia and vomiting may occur. Vomiting may be minimized by giving the medication with meals; it usually disappears promptly upon reduction of dosage. Doses used in toxoplasmosis may produce megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, atrophic glossitis, hematuria, and disorders of cardiac rhythm. Hematologic effects, however, may also occur at low doses in certain individuals (see PRECAUTIONS ; General ). Pulmonary eosinophilia has been reported rarely. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE EVENTS, contact Teva at 1-888-838-2872 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or http://www.fda.gov/medwatch for voluntary reporting of adverse reactions.

คำเตือนและข้อควรระวัง

WARNINGS The dosage of pyrimethamine required for the treatment of toxoplasmosis has a narrow therapeutic window . If signs of folate deficiency develop (see ADVERSE REACTIONS ), reduce the dosage or discontinue the drug according to the response of the patient. Folinic acid (leucovorin) should be administered in a dosage of 5 to 15 mg daily (orally, intravenous, or intramuscular) until normal hematopoiesis is restored. Data in 2 humans indicate that pyrimethamine may be carcinogenic; a 51-year-old female who developed chronic granulocytic leukemia after taking pyrimethamine for 2 years for toxoplasmosis 3 and a 56-year-old patient who developed reticulum cell sarcoma after 14 months of pyrimethamine for toxoplasmosis. 4 Pyrimethamine has been reported to produce a significant increase in the number of lung tumors in mice when given intraperitoneally at doses of 25 mg/kg. 5 Pyrimethamine tablets should be kept out of the reach of infants and children as they are extremely susceptible to adverse effects from an overdose. Deaths in pediatric patients have been reported after accidental ingestion.

ข้อห้ามใช้

CONTRAINDICATIONS Use of pyrimethamine tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to pyrimethamine or to any component of the formulation. Use of the drug is also contraindicated in patients with documented megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency.

Frequently Asked Questions

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Treatment of Toxoplasmosis : Pyrimethamine tablets are indicated for the treatment of toxoplasmosis when used conjointly with a sulfonamide, since synergism exists with this combination.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION For Treatment of Toxoplasmosis : The dosage of pyrimethamine tablets for the treatment of toxoplasmosis must be carefully adjusted so as to provide maximum therapeutic effect and a minimum of side effects. At the dosage required, there is a marked variation in the tolerance to the drug. Young patients may tolerate higher doses than older individuals. Concurrent administration of folinic acid is strongly recommended in all patients. The adult starting dose is 50 to 75 mg of …

WARNINGS The dosage of pyrimethamine required for the treatment of toxoplasmosis has a narrow therapeutic window . If signs of folate deficiency develop (see ADVERSE REACTIONS ), reduce the dosage or discontinue the drug according to the response of the patient. Folinic acid (leucovorin) should be administered in a dosage of 5 to 15 mg daily (orally, intravenous, or intramuscular) until normal hematopoiesis is restored. Data in 2 humans indicate that pyrimethamine may be carcinogenic; a 51-year-old female who developed …

CONTRAINDICATIONS Use of pyrimethamine tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to pyrimethamine or to any component of the formulation. Use of the drug is also contraindicated in patients with documented megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency.

Pyrimethamine is a prescription medication. You will need a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider.

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References & Data Sources

• DailyMed — Pyrimethamine drug label (National Library of Medicine)
• openFDA — Pyrimethamine label data (U.S. Food & Drug Administration)
• RxNorm — RXCUI 198182 (NLM Normalized Drug Names)
• NDC Directory — Pyrimethamine (FDA National Drug Code)

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แหล่งข้อมูล: DailyMed (NLM), openFDA, MFDS